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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Another proposed mechanism for the effect of FODMAPs has to do with bacterial fermentation and SIBO (Sachdeva et al., 2011). The theory goes that these poorly absorbed carbohydrates are excellent sources of food for an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine. These bacteria and sometimes archaea (single-celled nonbacterial organisms) ferment the carbohydrates and release different gases such as hydrogen and methane (recent evidence points to hydrogen sulfide, as well) (Banik et al. 2016). The gases released can cause the symptoms of bloating and also lead to cramping, pain, and changes in the motility of the small intestine.
Diet and IBS
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
Treatment for fear-based ARFID is all about graded exposure – trying small amounts of feared foods one at a time and tolerating the anxiety eating the food causes until it goes away or habituates. The vast majority of the time, nothing else terrible happens. It’s just that eating the food makes you anxious because you’re expecting something awful to happen. (Remember the lady who avoided even tasting yogurt for a whole month? It made her super anxious to try it. But when she finally did, she found that the anxiety went down and she was able to incorporate yogurt into her diet again.) Of course, as you know, anxiety can cause GI symptoms all by itself. So, chances are, it wasn’t (just) the food that made you feel bad, to begin with. And if you’ve developed visceral hypersensitivity, then part of the goal is to learn to tolerate some GI sensations and remind yourself that while they may be uncomfortable, they’re not dangerous and they may actually be quite normal. Everyone produces gas. It’s a natural byproduct of digestion. Some foods tend to create more gas than others. That’s normal. The goal here is to learn not to get overly focused on the sensations of gas and bloating, so that you don’t have to be afraid of eating foods that naturally create gas as a result of fermentation and digestion. As you stop catastrophizing and being upset and angry about those sensations, you will actually start to notice them less and they will become less uncomfortable and less bothersome. That’s how exposure therapy reduces visceral hypersensitivity.
Re-Highlighting the Potential Natural Resources for Treating or Managing the Ailments of Gastrointestinal Tract Origin
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Vaibhav Shende, Sameer A. Hedaoo, Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Pooja Bhomle, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
Constipation is the time period used to describe difficulty or infrequency in passing stools. Not everyone has each day bowel movement, so the passage of time between bowel motions earlier than constipation takes place varies from person to person. When anyone is constipated, their stools are commonly small, hard, dry, and hard to pass. Other symptoms may include bloating or distention in the stomach and pain during a bowel movement.5
“Comparison of Nissen Rossetti and Floppy Nissen techniques in laparoscopic reflux surgery”
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Cem Kaan Parsak, İlker Halvacı, Uğur Topal
Bloating and dysphagia are the most common postoperative symptoms discussed in the literature [23–25]. There have been several studies to date identifying bloating and gas among the preoperative symptoms with the potential to occur preoperatively, and that continue to a great extent postoperatively, with a reported rate of 20–67% [21–27]. In the present study, 35% of the patients reported varying degrees of bloating, with an equal number of patients in both patient groups. All 14 patients with bloating in the laparoscopic Floppy–Nissen group described the frequency of symptoms as low, that is, mild enough not to affect daily life, while 13 patients in the laparoscopic Nissen–Rossetti group described the frequency as low and one patient as a medium, that is, at a level that affects daily life. It may be thought that bloating and gas are not symptoms specific to gastroesophageal reflux [28,29]. Another problem is dysphagia, which can be divided into its postoperative early and late forms. Postoperative dysphagia may occur for several reasons, among which are unknown motility disorders such as achalasia, peptic stricture, retroperitoneal hematoma, tight fundoplication and denervation of the lower esophagus as a result of the operation. Studies have shown that personal characteristics can also be effective, and postoperative dysphagia has been reported to be more common in patients with NERD [29–34].
Gastric dysmotility and gastrointestinal symptoms in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Elisabeth K. Steinsvik, Trygve Hausken, Øystein Fluge, Olav Mella, Odd Helge Gilja
Abdominal pain is a cornerstone symptom for the IBS diagnosis. However, only 55% of the included ME/CFS patients reported abdominal pain during the last 10 days (Table 3), and of a relatively mild severity. Abdominal distention/bloating was more frequent (70%). We found that only 10% of the patients had <3 bowel movements per week, indicative of constipation, and no one had >4 bowel movements per day. Thus, the reported bowel habits were not similar to irritable bowel syndrome. This was surprising, as we had expected that this selected population of ME/CFS patients had classical IBS symptoms. Symptoms of bloating/distention, abdominal pain and nausea were described in previous literature [2, 4], but to our knowledge, few authors have described abdominal complaints in ME/CFS in detail. Interestingly, the patients scored relatively high on the questions about life disruption because of their bowel habits, and bowel dissatisfaction. This is intriguing, given that 90% of the patients reported frequency of bowel movements within what is usually considered the normal range (<3 per day, >3 per week).
The probiotic Bacillus subtilis BS50 decreases gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Sean M. Garvey, Eunice Mah, Traci M. Blonquist, Valerie N. Kaden, Jessica L. Spears
Abdominal bloating is defined as “the subjective sensation of gassiness, trapped gas, or a feeling of pressure or being distended without obvious visible distension”.6 Bloating can also occur with objective physical distension of the abdomen. The etiology for bloating and distension is complex and multifactorial. Triggers may include disturbances to digestive enzyme output and activity, intestinal transit and motility, composition of the intestinal microbiota, intestinal gas production, immune function, visceral hypersensitivity, and central nervous system processing.7,8 Bloating has also been described as primarily a sensory phenomenon associated with a lower pain threshold or increased biological sensitivity, as evidenced by computed tomography imaging showing that luminal gas increases in only 25% of FGID patients during a bout of abdominal distension or following consumption of a “high-flatulence” diet.9 These results point to a potential role of the gut-brain axis in perception of bloating severity, and suggest that the intestinal microbiota or gut sensory neuropod cell signaling modulation could impact hypersensitivity and bloating. Related to gut-brain cross-talk, belching can be the consequence of aerophagia, or swallowing air, which itself is influenced by anxiety, depression, and hypervigilance.10