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Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Lipoprotein Disorders and other Metabolic Diseases
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
When obesity is not secondary to another disorder, it is classified as simple obesity. Eating in excess of energy requirements is the primary cause; the origin for this is multifactorial with both biological and psychological mechanisms driving overeating.
Weight Concerns
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Attention to mindful eating is the first step in weight management. This means taking the time to mindfully enjoy your food by sitting and doing nothing else at mealtimes except eat. No smartphone, no computer, no television. Not even a book or magazine. Eating should not be on your multitasking agenda. And take note that eating while engaged in other activities often leads to mindless overeating.
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Malnutrition can be caused by overnutrition (excess nutrient intake) or undernutrition (deficient nutrient intake) (5). It is a major tragedy that millions of people currently live with hunger, and fear starvation (6). In 2010, there were about 925 million undernourished people in the world due to poverty or lack of foods in the market (2). In addition, about 3.5–5 billion people are iron deficient, 2.2 billion iodine deficient, and 140–250 million vitamin A deficient (6). In contrast, overnutrition is observed in developed countries such as the USA (5). Overeating causes excess energy that can lead to overweight, obesity and other diseases.
Chronobiological traits predict the restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating behaviors of female university students
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Roman O. Budkevich, Arcady A. Putilov, Elena L. Tinkova, Elena V. Budkevich
One of the unique traits of the today postindustrial societies is the increasing prevalence of overeating, obesity and other eating related problems. These problems are not uncommon even among adolescents and young adults (White 2000). The eating restraint has become an important component of human eating behavior aimed on controlling body weight and shape. The research of intentional attempts of food intake regulation includes the studies of different cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of eating habits (Elfhag and Linné 2005; Karlsson et al. 2000). One of the other unique traits of the today societies is the wide usage of the artificial light sources permitting active human functioning during the dark phase of the natural 24 h light-dark cycle. The shifts of meal timing on inappropriate times of the day might contribute to the increased prevalence of overeating, obesity, and other eating-related problems, e.g., in the populations of shift and night workers (Liu et al. 2018). Chronic circadian disruption can increase the risk for metabolic disorders (Mohebbi et al. 2012). Moreover, the results of the experiments on rodent models indicate that body weight can be normalized and life span can be lengthened not only by restricted feeding but also by restricted feeding time, even without reduction of caloric intake (Acosta-Rodríguez et al. 2017; Chung et al. 2016; Hatori et al. 2012; Longo and Panda 2016).
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology, binge eating disorder symptomatology, and body mass index among college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Jennifer A. Hanson, Lisa N. Phillips, Susan M. Hughes, Kimberly Corson
It has been hypothesized that both the impulsive component and the inattentive component of ADHD may play a role in the cultivation of disordered eating.26 Binge eating and ADHD have been conceptualized as disorders of impaired self-regulation. Poor inhibitory control may contribute to overeating.27 Likewise, deficits in attention may result in disordered eating possibly as the result of inattentiveness to internal hunger and satiety cues.28 In addition, the likely anxiety and frustration associated with attention difficulties could result in the use of food as part of a compensatory mechanism.29 Both ADHD and binge eating have been found to be associated with body weight status. In addition, the two appear to share common neurobiological mechanisms.30 Recently, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a stimulant medication used for the treatment of ADHD, has been shown to reduce binge eating in individuals with BED with study results suggesting that weight loss may also be an outcome of the use of this drug among those with BED.31
Acceptance-based skill acquisition and cognitive reappraisal in a culturally responsive treatment for binge eating in adolescence
Published in Eating Disorders, 2020
Rebecca C. Kamody, Idia B. Thurston, E. Thomaseo Burton
Binge-eating disorder (BED), typified by eating large quantities of food in a discrete period of time with an accompanying sense of loss of control, is the most common eating disorder with lifetime prevalence rates exceeding those of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (Hudson, Hiripi, Pope, & Kessler, 2007; Udo & Grilo, 2018). Typical onset of BED is during adolescence, and research suggests that 2.5% of adolescents experience binge-eating symptoms (Swanson, Crow, Le Grange, Swendsen, & Merikangas, 2011). Adolescence is a developmental period in which the risk for emotional and behavioral problems is heightened (Hou et al., 2013; Zhu et al., 2016). Emotional overeating, which involves excessive eating in response to emotional triggers, often begins in adolescence and progresses in severity as stressors increase in adulthood (Hilbert, 2013; Masheb & Grilo, 2006; Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2007). In fact, perceived stress among adolescents has been shown to increase emotional eating (Nguyen-Rodriguez, Chou, Unger, & Spruijt-Metz, 2008). Youth engaging in subthreshold binge-eating behaviors are still susceptible to physical, social, and psychological sequelae associated with a diagnosis of BED (Field et al., 2012; Trace et al., 2012). For example, researchers have reported associations between loss-of-control eating with increased depressive symptoms and emotional distress (Goldschmidt et al., 2015; Sonneville et al., 2013), as well as excessive weight gain among youth (Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2011).