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Overview of Traditional Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment for Women-Associated Cancers
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Malika Ranjan, Namyaa Kumar, Safiya Arfi, Shazia Rashid
Breast cancer is the type of cancer originating from the cell lining of the milk-forming ducts of the breast (ductal carcinoma) or from lobules in the glandular tissue of the breast (lobular carcinoma). Breast cancer has several subtypes based on the expression level of the receptors such as progesterone, estrogen and HER-2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor), and are classified into three groups [14]: Hormone receptor (estrogen and progesterone) sensitive (ER+ or PR+).Human epidermal growth factor–sensitive (HER2+).Triple-negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−).The main factors that influence the risk for breast cancer in women include old age, genetic mutations, reproductive history, personal history of breast/ovarian cancer or any non-cancerous breast diseases, previous treatment involving radiation therapy and other lifestyle factors (diet, weight, alcohol consumption). Thus, regular screening mammography at the age of 40 and above might reduce the risk of breast cancer mortality in average-risk women.
Pathology of Breast Cancer
Published in Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack, Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
With increasing use of screening mammography, more cases of high-risk proliferative breast diseases and carcinoma in situ are being detected. This is exemplified by the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). As a palpable mass, DCIS accounted for <3% of breast cancers [61,62]. As detected by mammography, this incidence has increased to 30% [63]. There are also specific benign and malignant breast diseases that are commonly encountered by abnormal mammographic findings.
Breast surgical training
Published in Steven J. Kronowitz, John R. Benson, Maurizio B. Nava, Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Management of the Breast, 2020
Steven J. Kronowitz, John R. Benson, Maurizio B. Nava
Prior to the recognition of breast surgery as a distinct subspecialty, training in the management of breast disease was provided through general surgical residency programs. Many breast surgeons educated in the United States prior to 2003 followed the same pathway as general surgeons, completing a categorical 5-year general surgical residency program following completion of 4 years of medical school and 4 years of undergraduate coursework. These surgeons primarily gained their specialization in breast procedures through training acquired during residency and “on the job learning” in clinical practice. More recently, advancements in breast cancer care resulting from an improved understanding of the complexities of breast disease have highlighted a role for breast specialists and multidisciplinary care teams. Although existing surgical oncology fellowships offered advanced breast education as part of training, these programs focused broadly on multi-organ oncologic management. With research demonstrating a strong correlation between volume of breast surgical workload and outcomes, the merit of providing breast-specific training to trainees destined to provide specialized breast surgical care became apparent, and the demand for specialized “breast surgeons” became increasingly prominent.1,2
Noncyclical and cyclical mastalgia in Turkish women: Prevalence, risk factors, health-care seeking and quality of life
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Hacı Bolat, Özlem Aşcı, Servet Kocaöz, Semra Kocaöz
There are also differences in the definition of the pain by the subjects according to the type of mastalgia. The pain in cyclical mastalgia is often defined as sharp, shooting, stabbing, as a sensation of heaviness, aching, deep tenderness, or throbbing, while the pain is heavy, aching, tender, scary, burning, pulling, stabbing, or pinching in noncyclical mastalgia (Rosolowich, Saettler, Szuck, & Breast Disease Committee, 2006). The women in the current study mostly defined their pain as “tender/burning on touch”, “tingling”, and “twinging”. Another study from Turkey has reported that the women mostly defined their breast pain as “tingling”, “heaviness”, and “throbbing” (Koçoğlu, Kurşun, Akın, & Altuntuğ, 2017). A study on the general population has reported that the women mostly defined mastalgia as “tender”, “aching”, and “heaviness” (Scurr et al., 2014). The different definitions of breast pain by the subjects in various studies could be related to type of mastalgia and the culture of the population the study was conducted in.
Response to Re: The Clinical Utility of Autoantibodies in Patients with Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
The author(s) defined our hospital as "a small state hospital." However, our hospital is a prestigious training and research hospital with 385 specialists and capacity of 1250 patient beds. Our hospital is also the biggest hospital in Konya that has the patients not only from the city itself but also from the cities, towns, and villages nearby. There is a “Senology Clinic” that has been in service for more than ten years with 250 operations/year for breast cancer including oncoplastic surgery and reconstructions. There are two general surgery professors; one general surgery specialist and two general surgery residents working full-time on their working days in this clinic. In addition, this clinic has its own ultrasound, mammography, tomosynthesis, breast MR and interventional radiology units with a dedicated radiologist. There are many studies about idiopathic granulomatous mastitis published from our clinic [1–8]. Our hospital is a very important center in terms of breast diseases, considering both the bed capacity, the senology clinic and the publications on idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and other breast diseases.
New Findings on Autoimmune Etiology of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Serum IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 Levels of Patients
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Mehmet Saydam, Kerim Bora Yilmaz, Mutlu Sahin, Hamdullah Yanik, Melih Akinci, Ibrahim Yilmaz, Sener Balas, Cem Azili, Mehmet Ali Gulcelik
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis (IGM) is a benign chronic inflammatory breast disease that mimics breast cancer in radiological and clinical findings. The etiopathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated [1]. The disease tends to be seen mostly in fertile, young women, often with a history of breastfeeding. The incidence and treatment protocols as well as the etiopathogenesis of the disease are controversial and a matter of debate. Actually, the definitive diagnosis of IGM is made by histopathological examination and exclusion of an identifying etiology [2,3]. In a study, Baslaim et al. reported that IGM represented 1.8% of 1106 cases of benign breast disorders [4]. Although IGM is believed to rarely occur in general, the rapid increase in the number of cases reported in the literature and publications from developed countries, accompanied by large series published in Asia and the Mediterranean region, are interpreted as making the diagnosis easier or as increasing the prevalence [3,5].