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Fibrocystic Breasts/Cystic Mastitis/Mammary Dysplasia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Fibrocystic breasts typically cause swelling, pain, and tenderness that gets worse premenstrually, but can remain throughout the month. The breasts are composed of tissue that feels lumpy, granular, or hard, or has a rope-like texture. The exact cause of this disorder is unknown. Fibrocystic breasts are the most common cause of non-cancerous breast lumps in women between 30 and 50 years of age. It is thought that more than half of women will develop fibrocystic breast disease at some point in their lives, but that many will not have any associated symptoms.
A worrying lump
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
It is important to be aware that 9 out of 10 breast lumps seen in primary care are benign. However, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the UK, accounting for 30% of cancers. One in nine (11%) women in the UK will develop breast cancer. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the features of a breast lump that warrant further investigation.
Physical examination
Published in David Sales, Medical IELTS, 2020
If a breast lump is present, a description should be given such as: ‘Theswelling (mass/lump) measures 3 cm in diameter and has a smooth surface. It is not attached to the chest wall and is mobile. There is no nipple discharge.’
Metastasis to Breast from Extramammary Solid Tumors and Lymphomas: A 20-Year Population-Based Study
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2022
Yihang Qi, Xiangyi Kong, Xiangyu Wang, Jie Zhai, Yi Fang, Jing Wang
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in China, with an annual incidence of 278,900 cases and an annual mortality rate of approximately 66,000 (1). However, metastases to the breast from various primary cancers, such as carcinoid tumor, pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, and other neuroendocrine tumors (2–15), are fairly low (1–2%) (16–19). The low incidence of breast metastases may be related to the density of fibroglandular tissue and limited blood supply. The clinical manifestations of breast cancer are roughness of the skin surface (an “orange peel” appearance), nipple discharge, the formation of lumps in the breast, and swollen lymph nodes (9,10,14,20). The common clinical manifestation of breast cancer is a breast lump, but distinguishing a primary breast malignancy from a metastasis is difficult, and unnecessary surgeries may be performed as a result (8,18).
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis with Skin Rupture: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 200 Patients Who Underwent Surgical and Nonsurgical Treatment
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Jiangfen Wang, Yafen Zhang, Xiaoting Lu, Chunfang Xi, Keda Yu, Runfang Gao, Kaixin Bi
Data on clinical presentation are shown in Table 3. The clinical symptoms were breast lumps accompanied by multiple skin abscesses and ulcerations (Table 3). Some patients were unable to complete a radiographic examination because of pain and ulceration. All patients completed the color Doppler ultrasonography examination before treatment. Most patients showed a heterogeneous hypoechoic area, catheter expansion, and a liquid dark area. The BI-RADS (Breast imaging reporting and data system scores are shown in Table 3. Bacterial culture revealed no bacterial infection in any patients. Tuberculosis bacilli infection was assayed by excision or puncture, and no tuberculosis bacillus infection was observed in any patient. Some patients had elevated serum prolactin and fasting glucose concentrations; these data are shown in Table 3.
Treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis using ultrasound-guided microwave ablation: a report of 50 cases
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Lisheng Lin, Zifang Zheng, Jinfan Zhang, Xiaoli Liu, Dar-Ren Chen, Hongling Wang
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic inflammatory disease with lesions confined to the lobules of the mammary gland with no caseous necrosis. It was first described by Kessler et al. in 1972 [1] and is characterized by granulomas and abscesses. The disease manifests as breast lumps which often appear suddenly and enlarge over a short period of time. After 1 to 2 weeks, small areas of the skin of the breast overlying the lumps appear reddish and swollen and microabscesses form within; subsequently, local ulceration leads to the formation of sinuses, resulting in a protracted disease course. Other symptoms include galactorrhoea, pain, dented nipples, and secretions. At present, most scholars believe that IGM is an autoimmune disease [2], and its pathogenesis possibly involves milk being deposited into the ducts at the end of the lobules; the milk then exudes into the interlobular connective tissue causing type IV hypersensitivity reactions, giant cell and lymphocyte infiltration, and the formation of granulomas [3].