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Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Breast cancers may be suspected by self-examinations or via mammography. The patient may complain of pain or enlargement of the breast. There may be a palpable mass during clinical examination and asymmetry of the breasts. Skin ulcers, edema, and a mass attached to the chest wall may be present. Metastases to the axillary lymph nodes, supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, or infraclavicular lymphadenopathy are common. In some cases, nipple discharge may be observed.
Paper 3
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Duct ectasia, more common in women in their fifties, is caused by dilatation of the ducts behind the nipple and periductal inflammation causing areolar pain and erythema. Nipple discharge is thick and cream/green in colour. There may be an areolar mass and the nipple may retract after healing with fibrosis. Mammogram is essential. Treatment involves antibiotics if infected, incision and drainage if there is an abscess, or mammodochectomy.
Breast
Published in Keith Hopcroft, Vincent Forte, Symptom Sorter, 2020
Nipple discharge has a number of disparate causes, from the first outward sign of a previously unrecognised pregnancy, to a late sign of an advanced carcinoma. It can cause embarrassment and concern in equally large amounts. Compared with breast pain and lumps, it is a relatively rare presenting symptom. Take it seriously and assess carefully – investigation will often be needed.
Feasibility and efficacy of microwave ablation for treating breast fibroadenoma
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Gang Liu, Yulu Zhang, Erwei Hu, Xiaoqing Fan, Qiaosheng Wu, Qiuyun Xiong, Zhihua Li
Clinical follow-up consisted of questionnaires, which were mainly in the form of telephone calls, through which it was assessed whether there were postoperative complications and these calls also included reminders for regular follow-ups, and ultrasonography. We categorized the cases into three groups based on key follow-up periods that included the MWA period and the periods of 1-6, 6-12, and >12 months, in order to observe changes in ultra-sonographic imaging. After the MWA, physical examination and conventional ultrasound imaging was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the procedure. Ultrasound examinations assisted in classification of blood flow patterns and determination of the lesion size. Blood flow classification was assessed by Color Doppler Flow Imaging. The patients were also asked about the presence of pain and nipple discharge at each follow-up. Post-intervention complications, including pricking, skin scalding, local erythema and swelling, and fat liquefaction, were also evaluated and recorded for each lesion.
Diagnosis and Treatment of 75 Patients with Idiopathic Lobular Granulomatous Mastitis
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Breast mass was the most common symptom, occurring in 89.3% (67/75) patients. Other symptoms included skin swelling (2.7%, 2/75), breast pain (2.7%, 2/75) and nipple discharge (5.3%, 4/75). Before they visited doctors, 32% (24/75) of patients experienced a rapid increase in breast mass, 12% (9/75) experienced skin ulceration, 2.7% (2/75) had nipple bleeding and 6.7% (5/75) had nipple discharge within 9 to 60 days (median 30 days). Moreover, 41.3% (31/75) received antibiotics before admission, in which 25.8% (8/31) patients had reduction in lumps and skin redness, but antibiotics treatment was ineffective in 74.2% (23/31) of patients (Table 2). Physical examination showed unilateral mass in 73 patients (left, 62.7%, 47/75; right, 34.7%, 26/75) and bilateral mass in two patients. Furthermore, 92% (69/75) had single lesion, 5.3% (4/75) two lesions and 2 cases had three lesions. Lesions were located in the areola area in 15 patients. The proportion of the mass in the peripheral area of the breast was higher than that in the areola area. The mass size by palpation was 1.5 cm × 1.0 cm ∼9.0 cm × 8.0 cm, with a mean size of (3.90 ± 2.05) cm × (4.83 ± 2.44) cm. Among these patients, 10 patients (13.3%) showed palpable axillary lymph nodes. Twenty-one cases (28%) had ipsilateral nipple retraction, 3 cases (4%) had pelvic surface skin edema, 3 cases (4%) had sinus formation, 1 case (1.3%) had the dimple sign and 18 cases (24%) had acute inflammation (Table 3).
Nodular hidradenoma of the breast: A case report
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
G.H. Ano-Edward, I.O. Amole, S.A. Adesina, O.A. Ajiboye, M.E. lasisi, R.K. Jooda
Nodular hidradenoma is an established entity as a skin adnexial tumour arising from the eccrine sweat glands.1 It is still a very rare benign skin adnexial lesion.2 Literature review as at 2011, reported only 25 cases of the tumour.1 Nodular hidradenoma is also known as clear cell hidradenoma, eccrine acrospiroma and solid cystic hidradenoma. The common locations include face, upper extremities, axilla, trunk, thigh, scalp and pubic region.3 Rarely, it has been reported in the breast at the nipple areolar region and is slightly more common in women than men.3 It often presents as a slow growing painless breast lump although, there are reported cases of pain, nipple discharge and ulceration of the overlying skin.4