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Fetal Development and Maternal Diet
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Breastfeeding after birth has many benefits for both mother, in whom it may promote post-partum weight loss and decrease development of breast and ovarian cancers, and the infant, providing nutrition that is easy to digest and antibodies to support the immune system while also decreasing the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Lactation poses a significant nutrition demand on the mother, and women typically require an additional 450–500 calories and up to 3.0 L of fluid per day to produce sufficient milk. There are no foods to avoid specifically while nursing, although caffeine consumption should be limited to <200 mg/day, and high-mercury fish should be limited. Alcohol consumption is safe in moderation, if waiting to feed the infant until alcohol has left the mother’s system.
Nutrition and oral health
Published in Jackie Musgrave, Health and Wellbeing for Babies and Children, 2022
Breastfeeding is widely promoted around the world as being the best form of nutrition for babies. Besides providing the right amounts of nutrition and hydration for babies, breastfeeding is reported to be effective in preventing obesity. According to the findings from Narzii and Simons’ (2020) literature review of interventions to prevent or reduce obesity, breastfeeding is more effective than promoting healthy eating or physical activity interventions. However, breastfeeding is not many women's first choice of nutrition for their babies. In England, a quarter of all women never start breastfeeding, and whilst 75% do start breastfeeding at birth, by the time their baby is 6–8 weeks, this figure drops to 44% (Public Health England 2017).
Respiratory Diseases
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Aref T. Senno, Ryan K. Brannon
Whether influenza viruses are passed into human milk is not known; however, respiratory droplets are believed to be the main mode of viral transmission. Because of the protective benefits of breast milk for infants, continuation of breastfeeding is recommended while the mother is receiving treatment for influenza infection. The concentration of oseltamivir found in breast milk equates to much lower doses than the therapeutic dose given to infants [93]. Inhalational zanamivir accumulates to a negligible concentration in breast milk. Breastfeeding should not be discontinued due to zanamivir use. It is not known whether peramivir is found in breast milk.
The effectiveness of needle aspiration versus traditional incision and drainage in the treatment of breast abscess: a meta-analysis
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Fei Zhou, Zhaohui Li, Liyuan Liu, Fei Wang, Lixiang Yu, Yujuan Xiang, Chao Zheng, Shuya Huang, Zhigang Yu
Incision and drainage (ID) is an effective treatment for breast abscesses. Massive trauma, a long healing time, a high risk of breastfeeding interruption, potentially unsatisfactory postoperative scarring, and even breast deformation all have a negative impact on their quality of life [7,8]. In recent years, needle aspiration (NA) treatment has been widely used owing to its advantages of minimal trauma and minimal changes in breast appearance. Therefore, some trials suggest that patients with breast abscesses should be advised to undergo NA treatment as much as possible and, if conditions permit, ultrasound guidance is recommended [9–11]. However, a few studies have pointed out that cure rates range from 82% to 100% when using NA alone, and multilocular abscesses cause up to 50% of NA treatment failures (p < .05), and these patients require ID for further treatment [12–14].
Breastfeeding: How is it related to food insecurity and other factors among low-income mothers?
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Christina M. Frazier, Jigna Dharod, Jeff Labban, A. Nichole Raynor, Miguel Villasenor, Marlen Hernandez, Isa Ramos-Castillo
Breast milk is widely recognized as the most complete form of nutrition for infants. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend practicing exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and continuing it for up to two years of age or longer along with complementary foods (Breastfeeding Report Card, 2020; What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?, 2017). Breastfeeding not only promotes optimal growth and development for infants, but it also helps mothers lose weight gained during pregnancy and reduces chronic disease burdens, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension (Dieterich et al., 2012). Due to its many known benefits to children and mothers, promotion of breastfeeding has become a key public health strategy at a global level, and several policies and programs are promoted to improve breastfeeding rates worldwide. For instance, the Global Breastfeeding Collective led by WHO and UNICEF, involving partnership of more than 20 prominent international agencies, called for increased investment in breastfeeding to make the progress and raise the global rate of exclusive breastfeeding to at least 50 percent by 2025 (Breastfeeding: A smart investment, 2017).
Clinical outcomes in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 in a perinatal medical centre in Japan: a retrospective study of the first 1 year of the pandemic
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Ken Takahashi, Yukari Kobayashi, Mariko Sato, Seika Nagae, Ibuki Kondo, Satoru Funaki, Taisuke Sato, Akiko Konishi, Yuki Ito, Taizan Kamide, Tokio Hoshina, Hirotaka Kanuka, Masahisa Kobayashi, Yasuyoshi Sakurai, Masami Iwamoto, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Osamu Samura, Aikou Okamoto
It is uncertain whether SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in the breast milk of a COVID-19-positive mother. One case report revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was present in breast milk (Groß et al. 2020). However, a case series of nine pregnant women with COVID-19 reported that SARS was not detected in the breast milk of any pregnant woman (Chen et al. 2020). In our study, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in any expressed milk samples obtained from nine pregnant women with COVID-19. Early mother-newborn interaction and breastfeeding are important for attachment formation and newborn nutrition. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend breastfeeding at birth and non-separation of the mother and newborn, even if the mother has COVID-19 (CDC 2020). Despite some risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from a COVID-19-positive mother to her newborn via breastfeeding, it is important not to separate newborns from their mothers and to recognise the benefits of breastfeeding and try to continue breastfeeding.