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Pediatric Health
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Adequate sleep duration and sleep quality are essential to maintaining a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents (Hagan et al., 2017). What constitutes proper sleep hygiene in children will vary by age. For infants, sleep discussions have to include information about a safe sleep environment (noting that families from various cultures may view sleep differently). A safe sleep environment, as described by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), is one that reduces the risk of suffocation through the elimination of items such as loose, soft bedding in the crib. Infant sleep position is as important as the sleep environment. Infants should be placed on their backs for every sleep because of the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Room sharing but not bed sharing is recommended by the AAP. With room sharing, the infant is placed in a separate, but nearby, sleep space (such as a crib) rather than sharing the same bed as their parents. Bed sharing is discouraged as it has been shown to increase the risk of sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) (AAP, 2016).
How to introduce solids
Published in Claire Tuck, Complementary Feeding, 2022
Developmentally, infants usually put foods into their mouths from 6 months, and hence finger foods are advised from 6 months. As infants develop feeding skills at different rates, it was previously acknowledged that introduction of solids could begin at 5 or 6 months when ‘the infant begins first by putting pieces of food into the mouth’, rather than by consuming purees.7Solids could be introduced at 5–6 months with the infant self-feeding pieces of food, since infants develop feeding skills at different rates.7
Simple Linear Regression
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie, Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie
Measurements of length and weight for a sample of 20 low birth weight infants are contained in the dataset twenty[81]. The length measurements are saved under the variable name length, and the corresponding birth weights under weight.
Modeling of infant safe sleep practice in a newborn nursery: a quality improvement initiative
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Eunice Hsu, Lauren Isbell, Danielle Arnold, Maheswari Ekambaram
This pre- and postintervention QI study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to improve infant safe sleep practices in a newborn nursery unit. Institutional review board exemption was obtained before the start of the study. The study setting was a 10-bed level 1 nursery within a suburban medical center with about 600 deliveries per year. The newborns room in with mothers to promote breastfeeding and bonding. At baseline, nurses had no standardized education on infant safe sleep practices. Parents of newborns were given written materials in the standardized labor and delivery packets as well as oral teaching at discharge with nursing staff and some providers. This included brief teaching about placing infants on their back to sleep without further emphasis on a safe sleep environment.
Comprehensive motor skills assessment in children with autism spectrum disorder yields global deficits
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2022
Christina E. Odeh, Allison L. Gladfelter, Carolyn Stoesser, Sarah Roth
One of the challenges of identifying specific motor deficits in ASD is that they manifest differently as children grow. In early development, acquisition of gross motor skills requires both strength and sensory feedback to learn how to move against gravity and active practice. As infants begin to crawl, walk, run, and jump, the physical demands of motor skills change. For clinicians working with children with ASD, recognizing these early changing motor behaviors in ASD is critical for early diagnosis and intervention. A recent narrative review by May et al. (2016), concluded that motor impairment may be an early diagnostic sign or behavioral marker in ASD. Poor postural control in infants, as evidenced by head lag, has been associated with a subsequent diagnosis of ASD (Flanagan et al.2012). In fact, poor postural control and gross motor delays in children with ASD could indicate possible neurodevelopmental disruption in these children (e.g. Downey et al.2012, Ozonoff et al.2008). Postural control requires an infant or toddler to be able to produce a motor response to stay upright (e.g. sitting, standing, or walking) prior to something that would cause them to lose their balance (anticipatory motor responses) (Hadder-Algra 2018). Developmentally, postural control deficits lead to delays in mobility, including crawling and walking. Once children are upright and walking, the effects of gravity and reduced postural stability will present as balance deficits.
Safety of primary immunization with a DTwP-HBV/Hib vaccine in healthy infants: a prospective, open-label, interventional, phase IV clinical study
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Maria Rosario Z Capeding, Salvacion R. Gatchalian, Mitzi Aseron, Anna Lena L. Lopez, Delia C. Yu, Maria E. Garcia Ibe, Maria Nerissa De Leon, Margaret Modequillo, Mervin Edcel E. Flavier, Anna Lisa Ong-Lim
Eligible infants were vaccinated with three doses of the study vaccine at the ages of 6–8, 10, and 14 weeks. Vaccinations at 10 and 14 weeks were to be performed at least 4 weeks (28 days) after the previous dose. An end-of-study follow-up visit was scheduled at 18 weeks, i.e. 4 weeks after the final dose. Due to possible travel restrictions imposed by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the end-of-study follow-up visit was conducted by telephone if the Parent(s)/LARs were unable to travel to the study site. The total duration of the study for each subject was approximately 12 weeks, including screening and follow-up. Dose changes or adjustments, including flexible dosing, dose reduction, or tapering, were not allowed. The study vaccine could be administered simultaneously with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin, as well as oral and inactivated polio vaccines, under the Philippine NIP.