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Impact of COVID–19 on Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health
Published in Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey, COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 2022
Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for newborn infants, even if mothers have confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. Until now, COVID-19 has not been detected in breast milk. Breast milk contains secretory antibodies and other immunological factors that help in the growth and development of a baby and also protects against several infections including respiratory and intestinal infections. It also prevents obesity and non-communicable diseases later in life. Mothers should exclusively breastfeed their babies for the first six months of life and thereafter continue until the child is two years of age. If the mother is very sick then expressed breast milk, relactation (the process of resuming breastfeeding after a period of no breastfeeding or very little breastfeeding) and donor human milk from certified milk banks can be used (World Health Organization, 2021b). Thus, an infected mother should breastfeed her child while taking proper personal protection.
Effects of aqueous extract of unripe papaya (Carica papaya L.) on mice milk production
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
Y. Kharisma, S.B. Rahimah, H.S. Sastramihardja
At the beginning of a child’s life, breast milk is a source of nutrients that are essential for the child to survive. Increased milk secretion will cover the nutritional needs of growing children. In this period, there is a positive correlation between milk consumption and weight gain (Lompo-Ouedraogo et al. 2004). This has an indirect effect on growth acceleration. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aqueous extract of unripe papaya on milk production by measuring weight gain and growth of mice and compare it to luteotropin preparations.
Health Promotion: Empowering Choice
Published in Lynn B. Myers, Kenny Midence, Adherence to Treatment in Medical Conditions, 2020
The importance of normative pressure and associated sanctions is well illustrated by the same author describing the mother’s role. Breast milk is, “…God’s special gift to the infant … It is the best food and there is nothing like it..” For the mother, “…Nursing is a duty; a mother who does not nurse denies her baby’s right…” In fact, she is, “…stingy, lazy, negligent, lacks affection like a step mother … No lactation, no affection.”
The use of linear programming to determine whether breastfed infants can achieve a nutritionally adequate complementary feeding diet: a case study of 6–11-month-old infants from KwaMashu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2022
Nazeeia Sayed, Hettie C Schönfeldt
Breastmilk continues to be the main source of energy, macronutrients, and 9 of the 11 micronutrients in the modelled diet, highlighting the important contribution of continued breastfeeding when foods are introduced to the diets of infants. Breastmilk and animal-source foods provided 71% of the protein intake. Fortified foods (infant cereal, margarine) and starchy plant foods (butternut) stood out as main contributors to nutrient intakes in this modelled diet. Even though processed meat appears in the table of main nutrient sources, it should be remembered that the modelled diet does not take into consideration the levels of nutrients such as sodium and saturated fat in the diet of infants. Government fortified maize meal, which is widely used in South Africa as a complementary food, only features as a key source of folate for infants in this modelled diet. A report compiled by the South African food fortification programme attributed the reduction of neural tube defects in South Africa to food fortification with folic acid.19
Evaluation of the Obulamu? integrated health communication campaign in Uganda: results from a repeated cross-sectional household survey
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2021
Holly M. Burke, Eunice Okumu, Amos Zikusooka, Richard Batamwita, Judith Nalukwago, Samuel Field, Alissa Bernholc, Andres Martinez, Leonard Bufumbo, Musa Kimbowa, Sheila M. Coutinho, Natasha Mack, Jane Alaii
Caregivers’ exposure to messaging had no effect on the odds of exclusive breastfeeding. However, insight from interpersonal communication and other CHC community outreach activities indicates that while caregivers often report being motivated to ensure that their children have a positive nutritional status, individual understanding of what good nutritional status means is lacking. Specifically, interventions should be intensified on enhancing knowledge and skills that promote exclusive breastfeeding, particularly proper breast attachment, adequate diet, breastfeeding frequency, and expression of breast milk to sustain an adequate flow. More active forms of interventions, such as peer counseling visits, have been found to increase reported exclusive breastfeeding prevalence [14].
The relationships between leptin levels in maternal serum and breast milk of mothers and term infants
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Feray Çağiran Yilmaz, Ayşe Özfer Özçelik
Breast milk samples were collected on three different dates. The first set of samples were collected at 20–30 days after birth (1st month) while the second set of samples were collected within the third month after birth. Finally, the third set of samples were collected in the sixth month after birth and before initiating complementary feeding. At least two hours after the mothers breastfed their infants, 10 mL of breast milk sample was collected from a single breast with an electronic milking machine (Mamajoo Inc., Germany). The breast milk samples were taken to the laboratory where the analyses were performed as quickly as possible in sterile plastic containers that were not exposed to light, and the samples were frozen at −80 °C before the analyses. Samples were thawed one day before the analyses at 4–6 °C. Furthermore, to determine the serum leptin levels of mothers, 3–4 mL of blood samples were drawn into standard biochemistry tubes and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min at room temperature. Leptin levels in maternal serum and breast milk were measured by using the Human Leptin ELISA Kit (Catalog No: YLA1318HU).