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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Supernumerary nipples are congenital growths that occur over the lower chest wall and abdomen, almost always caudal to the main breast nipple. They may occur singly or in multiples, extending in a line down the chest and abdomen. Unless inflamed, they appear as distinct cool spots on the thorax (Figure 10.60b). Males as well as females may have supernumerary nipples. These extra nipples may be surrounded by a visible areola. Supernumerary nipples are rarely cancerous, but they should be watched for inflammation, growth, or development of masses.164
A Clinician’s Approach to Initiating Breastfeeding
Published in Fima Lifshitz, Childhood Nutrition, 2020
Susan K. Schulman, Audrey Rosner
The most important single task of the mother and baby in establishing breastfeeding is getting the baby to grasp the nipple properly. Although it might seem simple in theory, the actual deed is far from easy to accomplish.
Propionic acidemia
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop
Infants with propionic acidemia tend to resemble each other and those with methylmalonic acidemia (Figure 2.9). Characteristic facial features are: frontal bossing; widened depressed nasal bridge, and an appearance of wide-set eyes; epicanthal folds, and a long filtrum with upward curvature of the lips. In addition, the nipples may be hypoplastic or inverted (Figure 2.10).
Mothers’ breastfeeding six weeks postpartum and factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Jing-Ling Wu, Xiu-Min Jiang, Qing-Xiang Zheng, Xiao-Qian Chen, Gui-Hua Liu
The variables in this study were defined as follows: (1) EBF was defined as infants only were fed with breast milk and no other food or drink, excepted medicines, vitamins or other oral rehydration solutions (if need) (Amele et al., 2019). (2) According to the definition of the United Nations Children’s Fud (UNICEF) (Labbok & Krasovec, 1990), partial breastfeeding was divided into high proportion (breast milk ≥ 80%), moderate proportion (breast milk 20%-79%) and low proportion (breast milk < 20%). (3) Abnormal nipple condition was defined as nipples were flat, inverted or pseudo-inverted. (4) Initiate EBF meant infant only were fed with breast milk after labor and not experienced another feeding pattern. (5) Mother-infant separation meant that mother and baby not living together over 24 h. (6) Mother-infant skin to skin contact meant the naked baby is placed on the mother’s bare chest. (7) Maternal breastfeeding self-evaluation meant that maternal assessment of breastfeeding herself.
A tale of three common nipple diseases
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Mahmud Alkul, Christine P. Lin, Jay Truitt, Michelle B. Tarbox
Common causes of nipple dermatitis include atopic, allergic contact, or irritant contact dermatitis.9 Atopic dermatitis of the nipple may present as erythematous papules and plaques with oozing, crusting, or erosions (Figure 1g).10 It is a less common presentation of atopic dermatitis and is usually predominant in adolescent girls.11 On histology, spongiotic dermatitis is seen (Figure 1h, 1i). Cytokeratin 7 and p63 staining are both negative. Allergic contact dermatitis of the nipple is commonly caused by detergent, fragrance, or clothing material.9 Irritant contact dermatitis may be caused by nipple irritation secondary to friction and typically affects both nipples.9,12 Treatment of these common dermatoses includes topical corticosteroids/topical calcineurin inhibitors, moisturization, and removal of the offending stimulus (Table 1). Lack of a response to topical corticosteroids or topical steroid-sparing agents warrants further evaluation. Other causes of nipple and breast skin disease to consider include psoriasis, mastitis, radiation, and intertrigo.9
The ideal location of the male nipple-areolar complex: A pinpointing algorithm
Published in International Journal of Transgender Health, 2021
F. W. Timmermans, B. A. M. Jansen, S. E. Mokken, M. H. de Heer, K. M. Veen, M. B. Bouman, M. Mullender, T. C. van de Grift
Subcutaneous mastectomy is the foremost surgical treatment option for masculinizing the chest wall and is performed as part of gender-affirming surgeries for transgender men. The outcomes of subcutaneous mastectomies can vary greatly depending on patient habitus, surgical technique and the preferred practice of the surgeon. A mastectomy often calls for the repositioning of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) (Cregten-Escobar et al., 2012; Monstrey et al., 2008; Wolter et al., 2015). It is essential to position the nipples appropriately to achieve a male chest appearance. Up to quite recently, only few studies have asked critical questions about the NAC position in men. This has led to the standard practice of eyeballing the approximate location of the NAC during mastectomies, resulting in the NAC’s often being placed too high or too wide on the chest (Beckenstein et al., 1996; Berry et al., 2012; Hage & van Kesteren, 1995). The negative impact this can have on the experienced outcome emphasizes the necessity to develop strategies and standards that allow for the best possible result (Agarwal et al., 2017; van de Grift et al., 2016; 2018).