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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Wernicke Area Sensory speech center in the posterior third of the gyrus temporalis superior. Described by German neuropsychiatrist and professor of psychiatry at Breslau, Karl Wernicke (1848–1905) in 1881.
Synopsis of the Nervous System
Published in Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner, The Integrated Nervous System, 2017
Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner
Language: The left hemisphere in humans is most frequently the repository for language function and is called the dominant hemisphere. There are two distinct language centres, one for expressive functions, Broca’s area, located in the inferior aspect of the frontal lobe (in the frontal opercular area), and the other known as Wernicke’s area, located in the superior and posterior area of the temporal lobe and also within the lateral fissure. Wernicke’s area has traditionally been assigned the function of language reception/comprehension. In a recent paper (by Binder, 2015), evidence is given that this area is involved in phoneme retrieval, used in all aspects of speech production; modern imaging and neuropsychological studies indicate that wide areas of the lateral temporal lobe and also the parietal lobe support speech comprehension, perhaps involving both hemispheres.
Speech network regional involvement in bulbar ALS: a multimodal structural MRI study
Published in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration, 2019
Sanjana Shellikeri, Matthew Myers, Sandra E. Black, Agessandro Abrahao, Lorne Zinman, Yana Yunusova
Areas associated with bulbar motor dysfunction included the oral PMC as well as extramotor bilateral TT (primary auditory cortex) and left pSTG (traditionally known as the Wernicke area). A double dissociative pattern was also observed in which extramotor degeneration was correlated with bulbar but not limb motor measures. This pattern suggests that the development of bulbar ALS may be distinct from spinal ALS with increased involvement of the SpN-specific regions. This finding should be interpreted with caution however. The true disentanglement of clinical variables (bulbar vs. overall motor dysfunction) is challenging due to the inherent multicollinearity between clinical measures. Further, our measure of limb dysfunction was restricted to the upper limbs while the limb PMC included leg representations. This work needs to be further validated in a longitudinal study with a large N and with a comprehensive workup regarding motor and extramotor disability; this work is currently in progress (97,98).
Intraoperative visualisation of functional structures facilitates safe frameless stereotactic biopsy in the motor eloquent regions of the brain
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018
Jia-Shu Zhang, Ling Qu, Qun Wang, Wei Jin, Yuan-Zheng Hou, Guo-Chen Sun, Fang-Ye Li, Xin-Guang Yu, Ban-Nan Xu, Xiao-Lei Chen
In all these patients, motor cortex and pyramidal tract as well as other critical structures (such as Broca or Wernicke area, arcuate fasciculus, sensory tract, and optic radiation) were successfully visualised for preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. Based on spatial relationships between the lesion and nearby eloquent structures, surgeons could propose an optimal approach for each lesion. In 35.90% (16/39) of cases, initial trajectories were modified when functional information was overlay onto conventional MRI (Table 3). The initial trajectories in these patients were found disrupting the eloquent structures, thus functional neuro-navigation helped dramatically reduce the rate of postoperative neurological deficits (p < 0.01). Finally, none of these 16 cases had permanent neurological deficit, one case suffered transient hemiparesis but totally recovered in 1 month.
rTMS for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: where should we be stimulating?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2018
Alesha Heath, JL Taylor, M. Windy McNerney
Recently, a multisite rTMS approach has been developed for treating AD. Known as NeuroAD, it involves alternating between stimulating the DLPFC, Broca’s area, Wernickes area, and the parietal somatosensory association cortex, in conjunction with cognitive training [4]. Studies examining the effects of NeuroAD have demonstrated significant improvements in cognition for months after the end of stimulation [4,15,16]. The effect has only been explored in combination with cognitive training, so it is unclear the exact contributions of rTMS, as cognitive training on its own is beneficial for improving overall cognition [19]. However, the NeuroAD protocol does highlight the importance of other brain regions for improving cognition in AD.