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The patient with acute neurological problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Brain injuries such as acute stroke can cause a range of communication problems. Damage to Broca’s area results in expressive aphasia, where the patient is capable of thought but incapable of speech. Damage to Wernicke’s area results in receptive aphasia, the inability to put words together coherently. The patient may be capable of a diverse range of words, but cannot create a meaningful sentence. This is usually due to left-sided brain injuries, irrespective of hemisphere dominance.
Functional Neuroimaging of the Central Auditory System
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
David L. McPherson, Richard Harris, David Sorensen
From Figures 10.14 and 10.15, it is observed that at the n1 epoch in both groups, general areas of source localization are seen in the precentral gyrus of the left parietal lobe. In the music performance group, this area is near Broca’s area, which is associated with motor speech production and analysis of auditory and visual articulation of speech. In the visual arts group, this is near Wernicke’s area, which, in addition to auditory perceptual decoding, is associated with decoding language for semantic processing.
From assessment to intervention
Published in Rosa Angela Fabio, Tindara Caprì, Gabriella Martino, Understanding Rett Syndrome, 2019
Rosa Angela Fabio, Tindara Caprì, Gabriella Martino
The aim of a recent study by Fabio and colleagues (2018a) was to examine the neurophysiological and cognitive effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in three girls with RTT with chronic language impairments. They applied an integrated intervention: tDCS and cognitive empowerment applied to language in order to enhance speech production (new functional sounds and new words). Because maximal gains usually are achieved when tDCS is coupled with behavioral training, they applied tDCS stimulation on Broca’s area together with linguistic training. The results indicated a general enhancement in language abilities (an increase in the number of vowel/consonant sounds and words and the production and comprehension through discrimination), motor coordination (functional movements), and neurophysiological parameters (an increase in the frequency and power of alpha, beta, and theta bands). Fabio and colleagues (2018a) assume that tDCS stimulation combined with the cognitive empowerment applied to language can significantly influence a chronic impairment, even in genetic syndromes. The results provide data that support the role of tDCS in fostering brain plasticity, and in particular, in empowering speech production and comprehension in girls with RTT.
A preliminary study of atypical cortical change ability of dynamic whole-brain functional connectivity in autism spectrum disorder
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
The edges and regions show the asymmetry of C-scores. At the level of edge C-scores, abnormal edges are more spread over left hemisphere and inter-hemisphere. At the level of region C-scores, a large proportion of abnormal regions are located in the left hemisphere. Importantly, the C-scores of global left and right cerebral hemispheres are all abnormal in the ASD patients. Because each hemisphere has unique functional superiority, it is more accurate to conceive of hemispheres as complementarily specialized. For instance, the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area are functionally located in the left hemisphere for most people. The abnormal C-scores of hemispheres may further point to disrupted inter-hemispheric information transferring. It captures important histopathologically examined aspects that brain function laterality destroy caused by diseased conditions in ASD patients, which may be interpreted as the evidence for amyloid deposition, dysconnectivity, cortical sulcal depth, cortical gyral length, GMV, SA, CT of abnormal cerebral asymmetries. Indeed, a series of abnormal asymmetry of diffuse cortex (such as medial frontal, orbitofrontal, cingulate and inferior temporal areas) are obtained by diverse analyzing indices ofCT [52], GMV [85], and inter hemispheric FCs in ASD brains [86,87].
Diagnosing and managing post-stroke aphasia
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Shannon M. Sheppard, Rajani Sebastian
Broca’s aphasia is often termed ‘expressive aphasia’ and is characterized by halting, effortful, non-fluent speech that has reduced phrase length, impaired melody, and diminished words per minute. Language output (both written and spoken) is agrammatic, meaning it consists mostly of content words with few, if any, function words. Repetition is typically impaired. Comprehension of single words and syntactically simpler sentences (e.g., active sentences) are often spared; comprehension of syntactically complex sentences (e.g., passive sentences) is often impaired. Individuals with Broca’s aphasia have a range of reading and writing skills. While Broca’s aphasia is associated with damage to Broca’s area, in chronic Broca’s aphasia the damage often extends into surrounding frontal lobe areas, insula, and sometimes subcortical structures [13,14]. Because Broca’s area is located near the motor strip, it is also often accompanied by right hemiplegia.
mRNA expression of the P5 ATPase ATP13A4 is increased in Broca’s area from subjects with schizophrenia
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
Andrew S. Gibbons, Laura M. Bell, Madhara Udawela, Brian Dean
It is also notable that we have shown changes in ATP13A4 levels in BA 44 of Broca’s area. Broca’s area plays an important role in speech and language conceptualisation (Nishitani et al. 2005). Neuroimaging studies highlight a role for Broca’s area in verbal hallucinations and language fluency deficits in schizophrenia (Bleich-Cohen et al. 2009; Li et al. 2017; McGuire et al. 1993; Weiss et al. 2004). Furthermore, a clinical case study has reported language impairments in a patient with a chromosomal inversion that disrupted the ATP13A4 gene highlighting a role for this gene in language (Kwasnicka-Crawford et al. 2005). Therefore, increased ATP13A4 expression in BA 44 may be involved in the auditory verbal hallucinations or speech-related symptoms of schizophrenia. Our previous findings of increased ATP13A4 expression in BA 9, an area thought to be involved in executive functions, suggest that abnormal ATPA134 expression may have broader effects on schizophrenia-related symptoms, such as cognitive deficits.