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Aphasia
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
There is evidence that aphasia is not completely permanent. A paper that reviewed many studies that attempted to rehabilitate people with aphasia using speech and language therapy showed that such therapies were effective in restoring some level of reading, writing, and spoken communication abilities (Brady et al., 2016). Over time, aphasia can become milder and can even change classifications. Global aphasia may become fluent aphasia as some fluency is recovered, and nonfluent aphasia may become a milder anomic aphasia (Pedersen et al., 2004). This is good news, because it encourages many people with aphasia to train their brains by communicating in any way they can.
Neurology in Documentaries
Published in Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Neurocinema—The Sequel, 2022
To a certain degree and depending on the severity of aphasia, the outcome may be influenced by speech therapy. There is some evidence that early daily aphasia intervention improves communication, but recovery from stroke-induced aphasia remains variable and unpredictable. There are major interventions available for aphasia, such as melodic intonation and constraint-induced therapy—all of which are technology based. Current concepts focus on inter-temporal lobe connectivity (with speech comprehension in the superior temporal cortex). Aphasic patients who retained this connectivity had notable improvement.38
Motor Aspects of Lateralization: Evidence for Evaluation of the Hypotheses of Chapter 8
Published in Robert Miller, Axonal Conduction Time and Human Cerebral Laterality, 2019
Section 8.3.2.8 also raised the possibility that phonetic identification by the frontal lobe could be used for addressing semantic content, giving such regions a role in semantic representation usually attributed to more posterior regions. PET evidence in normal subjects compatible with this (Petersen et al., 1988) was mentioned in section 9.2.2. Further evidence is available from the study of aphasic patients. Milberg et al. (1987) conducted semantic priming experiments (see sections 7.3 and 7.4) in left hemisphere-damaged patients. Wernicke’s aphasia patients took longer to make word/non-word decisions than did controls, but semantic priming (speeding of the decision by semantically related “primes”) was nevertheless intact. Patients with Broca’s aphasia, on the other hand, had lost the capacity for semantic priming. The precise interpretation of these results is uncertain. However, the authors suggest that the role of Broca’s and surrounding areas in these experiments may not be in semantic representation per se, but rather in the use of phonetic representation to access the appropriate word meaning.
Incidence of post-stroke depression symptoms and potential risk factors in adults with aphasia in a comprehensive stroke center
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2023
Christina Zanella, Jacqueline Laures-Gore, Vonetta M. Dotson, Samir R. Belagaje
As previously noted, clearly identifying risk factors for developing PSD is hindered by excluding persons with aphasia. Aphasia is a language disorder affecting a person’s ability to comprehend and express verbal messages to varying degrees24 and is a consequence of acquired cerebral lesions.25 Most depression scales depend on a person’s ability to communicate.8,26 Consequently, most studies investigating the prevalence of PSD state the presence of aphasia as an exclusion criterion due to the potential confounds participants’ difficulties communicating may introduce.2,5,1727–29 One systematic review found that less than half of the included studies used an appropriately adapted diagnostic tool to identify depression in persons experiencing aphasia.10 Additionally, reports of potential risk factors for developing PSD specifically among persons with aphasia are conflicting, with some studies incorporating factors such as age, years of education,30 and time since onset,31 and others claiming there is no correlation between those.32 Additional risk factors may include type of aphasia30 and specific co-occurring personality traits.32
Understanding the impact of group therapy on health-related quality of life of people with Aphasia: a scoping review
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
Carlee Wilson, Allyson Jones, Kara Schick-Makaroff, Esther S. Kim
Aphasia is a communication disorder caused by damage to the language areas in the brain, resulting in difficulty with speaking, understanding, reading, and writing. Aphasia can result at any age, but most often occurs in elderly individuals after a stroke (Simmons-Mackie, 2018). The majority of strokes happen to those over the age of 60 (Feigin et al., 2014; Simmons-Mackie, 2018). Currently, there are estimated to be millions of people living with aphasia around the world (Simmons-Mackie, 2018; Wittenauer & Smith, 2012). As the population ages, the prevalence of stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases is estimated to increase, resulting in a subsequent increase in associated aphasia (Feigin et al., 2014; Wittenauer & Smith, 2012). Adequate rehabilitation programming to support the quality of life (QoL) of people with aphasia (PWA; i.e. adults with aphasia) is needed to help manage this chronic condition. To explore whether the rehabilitation resource of group speech and language therapy provides a beneficial impact on the QoL of PWA, we conducted a scoping review.
Better long-term speech outcomes in stroke survivors who received early clinical speech and language therapy: What’s driving recovery?
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Sophie Roberts, Rachel M. Bruce, Louise Lim, Hayley Woodgate, Kate Ledingham, Storm Anderson, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, Alexander P. Leff, Thomas M. H. Hope, David W. Green, Jennifer T. Crinion, Cathy J. Price
All patients were assessed with an objective language and cognitive assessment, the Comprehensive Aphasia Test (CAT) (Swinburn et al., 2004). The CAT is a fully standardized test battery, which consists of a total of 27 different tasks. The current study selected 3 speaking measures from the CAT to evaluate therapy effects: (1) repetition, a composite measure of a patient’s ability to repeat heard words (e.g., plant), non-words (e.g., trimpy), complex words (e.g., president), sentences and digit strings; (2) spoken naming, a composite measure of object naming, action naming and verbal fluency, and (3) spoken picture description, which measures connected speech, including appropriateness of information-carrying words, grammatical accuracy, syntactic variability and speed of production. Additionally, we controlled for the impact of non-speech (perceptual and semantic) impairments on the ability to perform our speaking tasks by factoring out performance on two other CAT tasks: (4) auditory word comprehension, which measures the patient’s ability to match pictures to a heard word, in the presence of phonological and semantic distractors. This was included because poor auditory word comprehension will affect the ability to repeat words; and (5) semantic memory, which measures the ability to perceive pictures and identify semantic links (e.g., monkey and banana). This was included because poor performance on this task will affect the ability to name objects and describe pictures.