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Communication: a person-centred approach
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
The year 2020 was a very difficult time for those who had impaired senses. People who had difficulty hearing and seeing were further disadvantaged in communication interactions due to social distancing and mask wearing. Being able to comfort a person by the use of appropriate instrumental touch has also been affected. Mitchell and Hill (2020) suggest a number of practices to overcome some of the difficulties of communicating while wearing a mask. The use of a clear mouth window in a mask will be especially important for those who lip read – which can include those who have hearing loss and some older people. Making sure you have the person’s attention and giving consideration to vocal aspects of your speech as well as use of body language are all important aspects. Eliminating background noise and distraction and asking the person if there are any strategies that will enhance communication for them are also important to be aware of. People who are deaf and those with dementia are often skilled at reading facial expression and rely on this to help their understanding therefore we need to make particular efforts to be aware of verbal and non-verbal aspects of our interactions (Carter 2020). Carter also suggests making use of apps that turn speech into text as they can be helpful for some. If an individual uses sign language, learning some signs can help the person feel less isolated and to feel valued.
Bioethics and the Deaf Community
Published in Joel Michael Reynolds, Christine Wieseler, The Disability Bioethics Reader, 2022
The analogy of diversity can be extended to cultural diversity. For the person who accepts the idea that all cultural communities have intrinsic value, beneficent actions would include any actions that preserve a cultural good. For the signing Deaf community, this would include actions taken to preserve various aspects of the Deaf community, including its language and practices that encourage and maintain sufficient numbers of signing Deaf community members, thus benefiting individual members within that community. An instrumental argument supporting practices that encourage the flourishing of the signing Deaf community is to point to linguistic research on sign languages and the promise that sign languages offer the promise of gaining different kinds of knowledge about the development and structure of human language and cognition.
Motor Aspects of Lateralization: Evidence for Evaluation of the Hypotheses of Chapter 8
Published in Robert Miller, Axonal Conduction Time and Human Cerebral Laterality, 2019
A similar study was carried out in deaf persons fluent in American sign language (Corina et al., 1992a). Subjects were asked to tap with one hand and copy in sign language with the other hand the words presented to them visually or auditorily. Tapping in the right hand was more severely impaired by concurrent signing than that in the left hand. No asymmetry in tapping rate was found when the concurrent task involved production of other symbolic or arbitrary gestures of complexity similar to the sign-language signs. The authors conclude that the left hemisphere is truly specialised for language. This conclusion can be questioned, because the sign-language signs may have been subject to far greater practice, with development of more fluent time-structured models than the other gestures. If this is the case, it is an aspect of motor specialisation, rather than language per se which determined the asymmetry in producing ASL.
Assessing the need for a wearable sign language recognition device for deaf individuals: Results from a national questionnaire
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
Karly Kudrinko, Emile Flavin, Michael Shepertycky, Qingguo Li
Sign languages are visual languages comprised of manual articulations as well as non-manual elements such as body position and facial expression (Hansen et al., 2018). Variations of sign language exist in different regions. American Sign Language is used predominantly in Canada and the United States (Petitto, 1993). Although independent ASL signs have direct English translations, sequences of ASL signs do not usually match English sentences due to distinct grammatical differences between the two languages (Liddell, 2003). Individuals who are Deaf are not always proficient in spoken languages, and most people within the hearing population are unable to interpret or use ASL (Lane, 2005; Musselman, 2000). Challenges can arise for both Deaf and hearing individuals when attempting to communicate with one another in daily interactions.
Accessibility of services in digital television for hearing impaired consumers
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
Taking into account survey (Ottom & Alzubaidi, 2017) we added a question considering use of sign language. Sign language can be used to facilitate communication with and between deaf users by conveying the meaning of a spoken language through poses and movements. Otoom and Alzubaidi found also that social interactions are increasingly occurring between modern video platforms, such as digital television and smartphones. However, use of sign language is still under-represented, because of lack of transmission efficiency through broadcasting channels (Vincent et al., 2010). Data in Table 7 question the presence of sign language. Seventy-three percent of respondents think that it is under-presented and 10% believe that the sign language is not present at all. Digital television could improve this; broadcasters could include sign language in more shows where users should be allowed to switch interpreter on or off.
Ambient intelligence framework for real-time speech-to-sign translation
Published in Assistive Technology, 2018
Mwaffaq Otoom, Mohammad A. Alzubaidi
About 13% of people aged 12 years or older in the United States are deaf or hard of hearing (Deaf/HH; Lin, Niparko, & Ferrucci, 2011). Over 5% of the world’s population (328 million adults and 32 million children) are Deaf/HH (World Health Organization, 2015). Moreover, illiteracy and semi-literacy rates among deaf children are much higher than that of the population at large (World Federation of the Deaf [WFD], 2016). Sign language can be used to facilitate communication with and between Deaf/HH people by conveying the meaning of a spoken or written language through hand poses and movements (Stokoe, 2005). At the same time, social interactions are increasingly occurring between video streaming devices, such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones (Kraut et al., 1998), which have the potential to provide face-to-face connections between people who are Deaf/HH and people who are not. This social media revolution is producing an increasing need for automatic voice-to-sign translation from real-time streaming videos.