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Software and Technology Standards as Tools
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Jim Goodell, Andrew J. Hampton, Richard Tong, Sae Schatz
Human-computer interaction (HCI) is a transdisciplinary field addressing the interaction between humans and information technology.17 These interactions might include traditional interfaces, like mouse and keyboard, as well as newer ones, such as natural language (“Hey Alexa”), gestures and haptics (touch), and virtual and augmented reality (or collectively extended reality). HCI also involves user interface design, and it examines how different behaviors, norms, and structures form around human-system interactions. For instance, subfields and areas of study include: Social computingAffective computingOne-to-one computing where every learner has their own device(s)Inference modeling (see Chapters 6 and 19)Neurophysiological sensors, such as electroencephalograms (EEGs) and other brain-computer interfaces, eye trackers, and heart-rate monitors
Power and microaggressions in healthcare
Published in Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills, The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
Heather Stewart, Lauren Freeman
In addition to the marginalization-based self-identity microaggressions brought on by features of the environment, there are also a variety of interpersonal marginalization-based self-identity microaggressions that fat patients experience on account of being fat. Gay continues:When a nurse asks me to step on the scale, I often decline, tell her that I know how much I weigh. I tell her I am happy to share that number with her. Because when I do get on the scale, few nurses can hide their disdain or their disgust as my weight appears on the digital read-out. Or they look at me with pity, which is almost worse because my body is simply my body, not something that demands pity.(2017: 274)Microaggressions (even interpersonal ones) need not necessarily be verbal. Non-verbal gestures (and as we just saw, physical environments) can send equally damaging messages to patients that signal attitudes of bias, discrimination and disrespect. In Gay’s account, while the nurses do not say anything explicit to signal their disdain or disgust at her weight, Gay nevertheless still understands the meaningful messages being sent by their grimaces, facial expressions and body language. Though the nurses might defend themselves by saying that they did not intend for their body language or facial expressions to be understood in those ways, the harm to Gay is nevertheless done. This is true whether actions are intentional and conscious, or not.3
Communication skills
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Research reminds us that patients closely observe their doctors for not only what is being said but also regarding their body language during a consultation. One observational study highlighted that the degree of eye contact was perceived by patients to correlate with the level of interest a doctor had in them, and a lack of eye contact was particularly bothersome to younger and more well-educated patients. Further research demonstrated that doctors who had a more engaging posture and maintained better eye contact were likely to have more information volunteered to them by patients than those who did the opposite. This implies that having an open, upright posture and maintaining eye contact are not only good manners but also good practices. The utilisation of body language and posture can not only allow for you to garner useful information from patients but also from those who demonstrate good eye contact, head nods and gestures, positive position and an engaging tone of voice have improved patient satisfaction and understanding, heightened awareness of emotional distress, and lower rates of litigation.
The design and evaluation of electromyography and inertial biofeedback in hand motor therapy gaming
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
A. MacIntosh, N. Vignais, V. Vigneron, L. Fay, A Musielak, E. Desailly, E. Biddiss
Participants and therapists were consulted to determine the desired gesture with which to control the game. Gestures were one of: wrist extension-active fingers, wrist extension-relaxed fingers, finger-thumb pinch, supination. Participants and therapists identified that these gestures would be useful toward achieving functional tasks (e.g., grasping objects). The biofeedback was designed to reward completion of therapeutic goals: making the gesture at the correct time and having high-quality movement (i.e. low co-contraction and fewer compensatory movements). High forearm extensor activity while keeping flexor activity low was associated with less co-contraction and higher quality movement. Compensatory arm movements were detected by the IMU. The absolute value (measured in degrees/second) from each of the three gyroscope axes was summed to obtain a resultant measure of angular velocity and served as a gross measure of forearm movement rather than to make specific predictions of arm position or elbow angle. Smaller arm movements, quantified by the resultant angular velocity variability of the forearm, were associated with more isolated hand movements and higher quality movement. During design sessions, participants tested the custom gesture-controlled version of Dashy Square with added biofeedback elements.
‘Let me take care of you’: what can healthcare learn from a high-end restaurant to improve the patient experience?
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2021
Terhi Korkiakangas, Sharon Marie Weldon, Roger Kneebone
Improving the patient experience presents a challenge for healthcare providers worldwide [1]. In the United Kingdom, numerous reports place the patient experience at the centre of its National Health Service (NHS), calling on healthcare professionals to treat patients with compassion, dignity and respect [2,3]. The patient experience framework [4] outlines improvement needs in leadership, organizational culture, and compassionate care. To date, research reports have chiefly drawn on surveys and feedback tools (e.g. The Friends and Family Test) to assess the patient experience [1,5]. However, a fuller understanding of the real time experience requires attention to what care means to patients, and how care feels when it happens. Victor Montori [6] writes about the ‘accidents of care’ (p. 16), those seemingly insignificant gestures of human to human connection that can have a major impact on a patient’s experience, such as a healthcare professional stopping and giving time to a waiting patient out of kindness and compassion. When we better understand such gestures from the frontline professionals and how they match with what patients need, further improvements could be designed and implemented.
Investigating language barriers in psychiatric care in Ghana
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2020
Mercy Akrofi Ansah, Mercy Adzo Klugah
The study found out that the psychiatrists used convergence strategies (Communication Accommodation Theory, CAT) [12,14] to deal with language barriers. The convergence strategies are ad hoc interpretation by colleague doctors; consulting room nurses; patient’s family members who have accompanied the patient; administrative staff; patients who are on admission and are in stable condition and sometimes laborers who worked at the hospital. In some instances, they used gestures to facilitate the interaction. These convergence strategies were adopted when there was language incongruence between the parties. In relation to convergence strategies they adopted when faced with language barriers, the doctors were undivided in citing ad-hoc interpretation as the most available choice. One thing that was clear with all the psychiatrists was the evolution of various convergence strategies.