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Men With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tara G. Matthews, Tom Alexander
Another significant factor when working with men who have co-occurring disorders is related to difficulty in recognizing and communicating emotional experiences. Not all men experience difficulty in emotional recognition and communication, but some experience barriers in this area. For men who do have challenges with emotional expression, these barriers are experienced in differing levels of severity. Specifically, SAMHSA (2013a) shares that some men may experience an almost complete lack of emotions, where others have minor difficulty recognizing and sharing certain emotional experiences. Emotional sharing is further complicated by the judgment that some men face when actually disclosing emotional experiences. McKenzie et al. (2018) conducted a qualitative analysis related to masculinity, mental health, and the social connectedness of men. The researchers disclose a powerful finding in the statement that ‘Among men, emotional sharing was likely to be ridiculed and dismissed’ (McKenzie et al., 2018, p. 1252). One of the key tips that SAMHSA (2013a) offers to clinicians who work with men is to focus on emotions that the client is already able to identify and express. From a clinical standpoint, focusing on already-identifiable emotions can help ensure that the male client is comfortable throughout the initial phase of the treatment process, possibly leading to the identification and expression of different or more complex emotions.
Stress
Published in Silvia Bonino, Coping with Chronic Illness, 2020
In reality, in everyday language, when we speak of stress we refer mainly to causes of psychological and social origin. The responses to this type of stress clearly highlight the human psychophysical unity, where psychological and biological aspects are closely connected. In fact, psychological and social stressors (such as conflicts, frustrations, difficult interpersonal relationships) give rise to physiological responses, both general (for example, activation of the organism) and specific (increase in blood pressure). Early studies mainly examined the central and peripheral biological responses and the activation of different emotional responses: anger, fear, inactivity. In this way, it was possible to demonstrate the adaptive function, in the very short period, of the profound physiological changes that accompany the emotional responses to stressful agents: preparing the body for struggle, or for flight, or even for immobility. At the same time, the risks of prolonged physiological activation and the link with psychosomatic disorders are highlighted, defined as such because they are somatic in their manifestation but psychic in their origin. Psychosomatic illnesses are in fact attributable to a prolonged and excessive negative emotional activation, which does not find expression and resolution. Sometimes it is believed that emotional expression should never be thwarted, that it is enough to give free rein to one’s emotions to positively face stress; this is a superficial and distorted interpretation of scientific studies on emotion and stress.
The long conversation
Published in Anthony Korner, Communicative Exchange, Psychotherapy and the Resonant Self, 2020
How might we apply this in today’s world? What do we have in common in this modern, mixed-up era? What would be a possible source of unity? We have human bodies that have a lot in common yet historically the perception of our physicality often heightens the sense of difference and division rather than bringing cohesion and unity. We share languages with many others but languages easily become a source of misunderstanding. Behavioural variability and diversity in patterns of emotional expression are considerable, often reflecting disparity in cultural tradition and belief. We might be left with the conclusion that there is no area of commonality and yet we all have the sense that this, also, is not true: we do all get sick and die, our bodies bleed when they are cut, there is enough commonality in human patterns of interaction that communication is always possible, languages can be translated and common understanding can be reached. We all feel. The personal knowing of feeling is embodied and connects us to the environment from the outset in a living relationship which for humans is both symbolic and actual. Feeling, experienced in the knowing body (Malloch & Trevarthen, 2018; Merleau-Ponty, 1945), represents, in humanity, “a turning point in natural history when physiological activity no longer results only in public behaviour but additionally in the personal experience of feeling” (Browning, 2017).
Predictors and correlates of emotionalism across acquired and progressive neurological conditions: A systematic review
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2023
Sophie Fitzgerald, Fergus Gracey, Emma Trigg, Niall Broomfield
Emotionalism, also known as emotional incontinence, pseudobulbar affect (PBA), emotional lability, pathological laughing and crying or involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED) is a condition that arises following a range of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke (Schiffer & Pope, 2005). The term emotionalism will be used for this review. Emotionalism produces a lessening of the ability to control emotional expression (House et al., 1989). It is characterized by episodes of uncontrollable crying or laughter, not under usual control and which are disproportionate or inappropriate to the social context (Ahmed & Simmons, 2013). Crying episodes are more common, with approximately 82% of individuals with emotionalism following a stroke experience crying episodes only and 2% experience laughing episodes only (Calvert et al., 1998).
Communication training is inadequate: the role of deception, non-verbal communication, and cultural proficiency
Published in Medical Education Online, 2020
Aaron D. Baugh, Allison A. Vanderbilt, Reginald F. Baugh
Meaningful use of culturally specific signals is more than just awareness that such things exist. It involves recognition of the signal’s meaning within the broader context of the communication. Models of shared reality suggest that this goal is seldom achieved when the speaker is only responding to external pressures like a desire not to appear biased. Subtle but definite differences in emotional expression are evident across cultures. While some nonverbal behaviors appear universally desired in clinical environments, others show significant cultural variation [24,37]. Hence, cultural novices are unlikely to be cognizant of the range of cultural nuances and are likely to struggle to relate in cross-cultural contexts [19,38]. When cultural uncertainty is present, stereotypes are often substituted for knowledge and applied to stigmatized and marginalized patients [39]. Neither patients nor providers can take the most from an encounter when they miss these signals the other may have sent. Violating cultural norms of behavior in cross-cultural interactions impact patient expectations during doctor-patient interactions [40] and likely result in incomplete understandings, compromise empathetic accuracy [41] as well as the doctor-patient relationship [40,42]. The more familiar and accurate people become with specific cross-cultural emotional and nonverbal communication cues [43], the better physician-patient communications. Summarily, what the patient does not correctly receive, identify, or understand from the physician, diminishes the quality of the physician-patient interaction.
The role of emotional processing in art therapy (REPAT) for breast cancer patients
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2019
Johanna Czamanski-Cohen, Joshua F. Wiley, Noga Sela, Opher Caspi, Karen Weihs
The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale is a written performance index of ability to express emotion in a differentiated and complex way.29 Subjects write about their anticipated feelings and those of another person in response to 10 short vignettes. Since the only way to measure emotional awareness is through an individual’s ability to express that awareness, emotional expression is closely connected to emotional awareness. However, these have been shown in various studies in a variety of cultures to be distinct, albeit related constructs.11,12,30–32 The variation in the differentiation and complexity of emotional words used to answer the question “how would you feel and how would the other person feel” are scored on a 1–4 scale (Cronbach α = .84; 2-month test-retest reliability = .75.9