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Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Most authors include within Wernicke’s area the posterior one-half to one-third of the superior temporal gyrus (exclusive of Heschl’s gyri)–i.e., the posterior portion of Brodmann area 22–and many authors include only this region (eg. Nolt, p. 274; FitzG, p. 179; K&S, p. 693 [Fig. 52–1], 694; A&B, p. 288, 478 [Fig. 21–2], 479 [Figs, 21–3, 21–4]; DeJ, p. 619; G&N, p. 214, 215 [Fig. 64]; and, probably, B&K, p. 2342). A few authors include all of Brodmann area 22 (e.g., DSR&W, legend to Fig 15–13 on p. 392), which also extends into the anterior half of the superior temporal gyrus. This may simply represent an imprecise short-hand, however. Some other authors also equate Wernicke’s area with Brodmann area 22 verbally (e.g., K&S, p. 694; A&B, p. 288), but then their illustrations show that they really mean only the posterior portion of area 22 (e.g., K&S, p. 693 [Fig. 52–1]; A&B, p. 478 [Fig. 21–2]). Daube, Sandok, Reagan, and Westmoreland (1978), however, do not give an illustration of Wernicke’s area, so one can only assume, perhaps incorrectly, that they indeed mean the entire extent of area 22, as designated verbally.
Excessive bodybuilding as pathology? A first neurophysiological classification
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2019
Moritz Julian Maier, Florian Benedikt Haeussinger, Martin Hautzinger, Andreas Jochen Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis
BDD describes the phenomenon that affected persons intensively deal with exaggerated or imaginary shortcomings in their physical visual appearance (Perugi et al. 1997). MDD is a specific subtype of the BDD, which was first described by Pope et al. (1997) as the pathological preoccupation with the (subjectively insufficient) extent of one’s muscularity. It differs from the general BDD in that the affected persons are not only dissatisfied with one specific part of their body, but rather with their whole body in terms of a strong belief that they are not strong and muscular enough (Pope et al. 1997). MDD can have strong negative effects such as depression or, as a last resort, even suicide (Pope et al. 2005). To our knowledge, the underlying psychophysiological background of a specific MDD has not yet been investigated. For a general BDD, preliminary findings show that, in particular, a reduced volume of the right OFC and left anterior cingulate cortex are strongly correlated with the degree of the illness (Buchanan et al. 2014). In a functional imaging study, Feusner et al. (2007) showed increased right amygdala activity in a BDD group while watching faces compared to healthy controls. Higher activation while watching pictures was also observed in Brodman area 22 (left superior temporal gyrus) in the BDD group compared to healthy controls (Feusner et al. 2007).
Herpes encephalitis : a stroke mimicker
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
Thein Win, Nida Maham, Sahayini Kumar
When damage occurs to Brodmann area 22 (Wernicke’s area), located in the superior temporal gyrus, it can present as Wernicke’s aphasia (e.g. fluent or receptive aphasia), and is characterized by fluent, albeit nonsensical speech which is seen in this case [1,6]. The case report where the patient had fluent aphasia showed MRI signal abnormalities diffusely in the left temporal lobe [4]. Although the initial non-contrast MRI in our patient showed only the medial temporal lobe being affected, the MRI 4 days later showed a diffuse left temporal lobe involvement. Contrast enhanced MRI is more sensitive in detecting signal abnormalities involving inflammation. The initial MRI was non-contrast which could explain the limited abnormal findings.