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Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Diabetes may damage the blood vessels that supply the peripheral nerves. Diabetic neuropathy is accumulated peripheral nerve damage. There are a variety of foot disorders that are seen in patients with diabetes mellitus. Foot ulcers and gangrene are examples of diabetes complications. Chronic diabetes can damage the blood vessels of feet. The nerves of the feet become greatly reduced in size and function.
Peripheral Nerve Examination in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Remember that a peripheral nerve can be motor, sensory, or a mixed nerve, and presentation depends upon the composition of motor and sensory fibers. For example, the anterior interosseous nerve, which is a branch of the median nerve, and the posterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the radial nerve) are purely motor. Motor deficits produce certain characteristics, attitude, and deformity of the concerned limb, which can pinpoint the nerve involved and the site of the lesion. A wrist drop in the radial nerve (Figure 14.1), foot drop in the common peroneal nerve (Figure 14.2), claw hand in ulnar (Figure 14.3a) or combined ulnar median nerve lesions, pointing index, and Benediction hand of the median nerve (Figure 14.3b) fall under this category. The policeman tip hand deformity (Figure 14.4) is indicative of brachial plexus injury.
Introduction: Background Material
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
A peripheral nerve or simply a nerve is a cable-like bundle of nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. A fiber tract, or a tract, is a bundle of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. A nerve fascicle, or fascicle, is a small fiber tract whose nerve fibers have similar origin, termination, and function. A bundle of one or more nerve fascicles is a funiculus.
Potential Effects of Stem Cells Derived from the Peripheral Nerve and Adipose Tissue after the Nerve Crush Injury in Control and Obese Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Elif Kayhan Kustepe, Berrin Zuhal Altunkaynak, Işınsu Alkan, Elfide Gizem Kivrak, Alişan Yildiran, Stefano Geuna
The peripheral nerve damage is a fairly common problem. The nerve damaged by various reasons has mechanisms that can be self-renewed in the natural process. Peripheral nerve injuries are classified according to different severities. When the damage reaches a certain extent in peripheral nerve injuries, a degeneration process called Wallerian degeneration begins in the nerve. In this process, different changes are observed in the proximal and distal parts of the damaged area, and regeneration proceeds independently. The most important point in nerve regeneration is the physical connection and the nerve whose integrity is disrupted must be brought together physically [16]. Another important issue in this process is that regeneration is affected by body weight. In a study examining obesity and regeneration researchers reported that obesity may cause peripheral neuropathy and decreased cAMP in the median and tibial nerves and a reduction in amplitude of action potential [17]. Watcho et al. (2010) showed that high-fat diet caused pre-diabetic changes and neuropathy in obese rats [18]. However, there are few studies on this subject in the literature [10,18].
Clinical and apparative investigation of large and small nerve fiber impairment in mixed cohort of ATTR-amyloidosis: impact on patient management and new insights in wild-type
Published in Amyloid, 2022
Aikaterini Papagianni, Sandra Ihne, Daniel Zeller, Caroline Morbach, Nurcan Üçeyler, Claudia Sommer
By applying a comprehensive set of clinical and six apparative investigations of function and morphology of peripheral nerve fibers in our mixed cohort, we yield useful insights regarding peripheral nervous system involvement. In particular, not only including large fiber, but also small fiber and autonomic fiber dysfunction was diagnosed, thereby highlighting new pathways to accelerate and improve a diagnostic approach to these patients. Applying this set of examinations in a mixed study population, we aimed to move a step forward from merely reporting small-fiber involvement in ATTRv amyloidosis using single or few apparative tests as already previously done [10,11] but to explore comprehensively (large-, small- and autonomic) peripheral nervous involvement in combination with skin punch biopsies in order to identify early disease manifestation and progression in ATTRv amyloidosis. This comprehensive approach of the peripheral nervous system in cases of ATTRwt amyloidosis arose after recent sporadic reports in the literature [17]. The exploration of this cohort provides data indicating that a comprehensive diagnostic test battery of the peripheral nervous system in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis can provide evidence of early-stage disease manifestation or progression (three ATTRv patients in our sample). We suggest therefore the implementation of apparative tests for small somatic and autonomic fibers in the screening and follow-up assessments of all patients with ATTRv amyloidosis.
The Healing Effects of Thymoquinone and Dexpanthenol in Sciatic Nerve Compression Injury in Rats
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Mustafa Ogden, Sahika Burcu Karaca, Gulcin Aydin, Ulas Yuksel, Ahmet Turan Dagli, Suleyman Akkaya, Bulent Bakar
It is currently accepted that functional healing of peripheral nerve injuries is generally difficult and treatment options other than surgery are mostly pain relief and palliative care [1]. Following compression injuries of peripheral nerves, mechanical transmission is cut and microvascularization of the nerve starts to form, then at the stage of reperfusion following compression, free radicals form in and around the injured nerve, and these free radicals have been shown to cause lipid peroxidation reactions in the myelin sheath [2,3]. In previous experimental studies, surgical operations (e.g. autologous nerve transplantation or tissue engineering of nerve canals), some physical applications (e.g. electric, magnetic field, shock wave, or laser stimulation), biological treatments (e.g. administration of neurotrophic factors, vitamins, or drugs), and the administration of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances have been reported to provide promising results for the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves [4–7].