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Ayurveda and COVID-19
Published in Srijan Goswami, Chiranjeeb Dey, COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, 2022
The CNS consists of the brain, the cranial nerves, the spinal cord, and a network of nerves that connects every organ of the body to the brain. There are two main branches of the CNS—sensory and motor. Sensory nerves carry sensations to the brain and motor nerves carry instructions from the brain to the organs and muscles. The network of sensory nerves collects sensations from all the sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin) from all over the body and carries them to the brain. The brain compiles all the sensations and creates a complete picture. The picture is compared with the memory of past events and a line of action is decided upon. The brain then sends instructions to the organs of action through the network of motor nerves. All this activity happens at lightning speed. This is how all voluntary action takes place.
Functional Neurology
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Neurons clump together to form nerves. Nerves can be either sensory, motor or interconnecting. Sensory nerves, also known as afferent nerves, relay signals from the peripheral tissues and organs to the central nervous system (CNS). Afferent nerves provide the CNS with information regarding our environment. Motor, or efferent nerves, transmit signals from the CNS to the tissues and organs. These signals ‘activate’ or alter the function of peripheral tissues and organs. Motor signals sent from the CNS innervate muscles, making them contract, for example. Interneurons are so called because they communicate between or connect spinal and motor neurons, influencing and modulating neuronal function on yet another level. Nerves congregate in various areas of the body, the entirety of which we call the nervous system.
Diabetes
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
Sensory nerves are those that allow people to feel pain, touch and temperature as well as other sensations from bones, muscles and skin. If these nerves are damaged, a person may experience numbness, tinglingan absence of pain or shooting/burning painsan inability to detect changes in temperatureloss of coordination as the position of joints becomes unclear
Effects of patient-specific mobility therapy for TMJ, neck, and shoulder dysfunction after submandibular gland tumor surgery: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Keun-Su Lee, Duck-Won Oh, Joon-Hee Lee
Surgical operations are very important for patients with head and neck cancer, including those with salivary gland tumors (McGarvey, Chiarelli, Osmotherly, and Hoffman, 2011). However, post-surgical complications cause pain and impaired movement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), neck, and shoulder, leading to functional disability and decreased quality of life (Do et al., 2013; List and Bilir, 2004). After the RND, transcutaneous sensory nerve injury results in deafferentation pain, myofascial pain, and neuromas (Van Wilgen et al., 2003), and post-operative wounds become hard. Immobile scar tissue limits the range of motion of the TMJ and neck and shoulder joints (Baggi et al., 2014). Therefore, specific interventions that target patient impairments are required to restore functional levels after surgery.
The Diagnostic Yield of Electromyography at Detecting Abnormalities on Muscle Biopsy: A Single Center Experience
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2021
Patrick B. Moloney, Stela Lefter, Aisling M. Ryan, Michael Jansen, Niamh Bermingham, Brian McNamara
All electrodiagnostic studies were performed and analyzed by the clinical neurophysiologists working at CUH (B.M. and S.L.). All patients had motor and sensory nerve conduction studies of upper and lower limbs performed to test for the presence of neuropathy. A hypothesis-driven approach to EMG is applied at our center, where the studied muscles are selected by the clinical neurophysiologists based on the patient’s phenotype and distribution of clinical findings. EMG studies typically included concentric needle examination of proximal and distal muscles in upper and lower limbs, and thoracic paraspinal muscles or tongue muscles when indicated. Qualitative EMG assessments of sampled muscles included: presence or absence of spontaneous activity; motor action unit potential morphology, duration and amplitude; interference pattern; recruitment pattern. EMG reports were retrospectively reviewed, and the predominant features of each study were categorized as (1) myopathic, (2) neurogenic or (3) normal. Electrodiagnostic findings that did not explain the patient’s presentation were excluded from the analysis. For example, in patients presenting with widespread weakness, EMG findings consistent with radiculopathy or entrapment neuropathy were considered incidental and were excluded from the analysis. EMG studies showing myopathic or neurogenic findings pertinent to the patient’s clinical presentation were categorized as “abnormal”, while all other studies were classified as “normal”.
Notalgia paresthetica: treatment review and algorithmic approach
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2020
Ahmed Ansari, David Weinstein, Naveed Sami
Physical treatments aim to reduce irritation and disruption of the cutaneous sensory nerves by targeting muscular dysfunction and instability. One case series analyzed the efficacy of transcutaneous EMS – which elicits muscle contraction via electrical impulses – in treating four patients with underlying long thoracic nerve injury causing scapular instability and NP. EMS was applied directly to the serratus anterior for a total of 15 min daily (alternating 30 s on and then off). All patients reported symptomatic improvement, but discontinuation resulted in a return to baseline. The treatment was well tolerated. The authors hypothesize that EMS causes contraction of the overstretched muscle fibers that are supporting the denervated scapula. Thus, tension on the surrounding nerve fibers is relieved, resulting in symptomatic relief (28).