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Integrative Synchronization Mechanisms and Models in the Cognitive Neurosciences
Published in Harald Maurer, Cognitive Science, 2021
The (general) binding problem is to identify mechanisms that integrate neuronal signals and information processes such that sensory information can be "bound", i.e. integrated, into coherent perceptual impressions. According to the German neurophysiologist, Andreas K. Engel (2012), there are at least three subproblems that arise from neurophysiology, cognitive neurobiology, perceptual psychology and cognitive neuropsychology: The problem of intramodal perceptive integration: How can the integration of neuron impulses within a single sensory system or modality (e.g. visual perception) produce unified perceptual impressions?The problem of intermodal integration: How is the integration of neuronal impulses, which have been pre-processed in different sensory systems, achieved such as to be summarized into unified perceptual impressions?The problem of sensorimotor integration: How are neuronal impulses of sensory information processing integrated with motor information processing such that the sensory system can coordinate with the motor system?
Sensory System
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
The sensory system detects, transmits and analyses stimulus information from inside and outside the body. This information is transmitted to the CNS, where it is integrated to produce a conscious perception of the stimulus, alter behaviour or elicit a reflex response. The sensory system consists of receptors, afferent nerve fibres of sensory neurons and central pathways activated by stimuli.
Working with the child, parents/carers and practitioners
Published in Chia Swee Hong, Heidi Rumford, Alex Cole, Sensory Motor Activities for Early Development, 2020
Chia Swee Hong, Heidi Rumford, Alex Cole
In addition to the five basic senses, i.e. vision, hearing, taste, touch and smell, sensory integration explores two additional sensory systems: the muscle sense (proprioceptive sensory system) and the balance sense (vestibular sensory system). Although not named in Ayres’ work, the interoceptive sensory system (awareness of the internal body state) is now considered as an important system in sensory approaches. In Chapter 2, we introduce the sensory systems. Difficulties integrating sensory information can have an impact on the ability to learn, our behaviour and the ability to carry out everyday tasks. Therefore, working on increased sensory stimulation through sensory motor activities may help to improve function.
Factor structure of the modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (mRPQ): an exploratory analysis with healthy adult simulators
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Kelly Jack Lee Brooks, Karen A. Sullivan
A possible reason why the atypical symptoms did not coalesce as expected is that the rationally derived categories oversimplified a complex input (the symptom experience). For example, a symptom such as seeing only in black and white can be classified as somatic, but if sensory systems are intact, it signals cognitive dysfunction. The item wording for the mRPQ atypical symptoms might also have influenced their interpretation along such dimensions. For example, “Feeling that [a body part] is … . missing” sets it up as an emotionally based symptom but if ‘feeling’ is replaced with ‘thinking’ it potentially becomes a cognitively based symptom experience. Similarly, the item about apocalyptic worry was originally categorized as an affective symptom but if the worries are identified as thoughts rather than emotions, it could load onto either factor. Similar points might be made about standard PCS symptoms, since in factor analyses they do not consistently align with their rationally derived categories, possibly due to differing interpretations ((32,33) but see (34)).1
The Experiences of Women with a Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) Using Sensory Modulation Approaches in an Inpatient Mental Health Rehabilitation Setting
Published in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2021
Rebecca Matson, Sarah Kriakous, May Stinson
Sensory modulation approaches were introduced through the installation of a sensory room within each unit, featuring equipment identified to provide input in each of the sensory systems. This included a rocking chair, projector, aromatherapy items, stereo, weighted blankets, and “fidget” tools. The occupational therapists in these units all underwent a series of introductory training days ran by qualified sensory integration practitioners from within the organization. These included an overview of sensory processing and arousal levels as well as ways to support service users in developing and using sensory based strategies including delivery of a sensory strategies program designed to develop awareness of their sensory preferences and trial a range of strategies in relation to each of the senses. Next, a sensory plan is developed to support use of strategies and they may also devise a sensory box containing items they have identified as helpful or prompt cards to use specific strategies. Access to the sensory room is facilitated on an as-needed basis and could be either supervised by staff or unsupervised dependent on factors such as individual risks. The primary researcher worked within the company at the time of the study but was not working directly with any of the participants at the time of interview.
Evaluation of oral mechanical and gustatory sensitivities and salivary cotinine levels in adult smokers
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Mariana Belardinelli Rosa, Mariana dos Santos Fernandes, Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim, Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião, Leandro Augusto Calixto, Paula Midori Castelo
The sensory system is composed of sensory receptors, that is, structures responsible for the perception of stimuli from the environment and from the interior of the body. Taste is a chemical sense that allows the individual to select specific substances according to their wishes and according to the metabolic needs of the body tissues [10], which prepares the gastrointestinal system to receive food and influencing salivation and swallowing (or the pharyngeal reflex – choking – if the substance is unpleasant). According to Strapasson et al. [11], smell and taste disorders considerably reduce the quality of life and may even become severe, as people with reduced taste and odour sensitivity may try to compensate for these losses by increasing the intake of substances that may be harmful if ingested in excess.