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Reliability, Validity, and the Measurement of Change in Serial Assessments of Athletes
Published in Mark R. Lovell, Ruben J. Echemendia, Jeffrey T. Barth, Michael W. Collins, Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports, 2020
Michael D. Franzen, Robert J. Frerichs, Grant L. Iverson
Traditionally, neuropsychological assessment has been primarily used either in diagnosis or in the description of skills and deficits in a static temporal context. These characteristics are due to the early historical use of neuropsychological assessment in medical settings. As neuropsychological assessment moves into nontraditional settings, the temporal qualities of assessment results have assumed greater importance. This is particularly true when assessment is used with athletes where diagnosis is rarely at issue. Instead the results are used to track the recovery from injury through the recovery of function and the prediction of capacity to perform behaviors outside the test setting. Here, the results of assessment are used to make decisions about the ability to return to play without risking further, and perhaps permanent, injury as well as the relation of test results to behavioral competence.
Health and Psychological Effects of Low-Level Exposure to Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
Carl D. Smith, Kristin J. Heaton, James A. Romano Jr., Maurice L. Sipos, John H. McDonough
Despite examples of CWNAs used in warfare and terrorist attacks, the number of scientific investigations elucidating the physical and neurobehavioral consequences among survivors exposed to low levels of these agents remains relatively limited. Insight into these consequences may be complemented by the extensive literature on OP pesticide exposures in civilian populations. Although not as potent as CWNAs, OP pesticides are used worldwide for numerous agricultural applications and account for millions of chemical poisonings each year (Karalliedde and Senanayake, 1989). Studies examining the effects of OP exposures on human physiology and behavior, as described in the following, generally assess agricultural workers. Neuropsychological assessments have included (but are not limited to) measures of attention, reaction time, memory, and grammatical/mathematical reasoning as well as behavioral measures such as anxiety, depression, and anger. Since many of the studies discussed are historical reports and/or involve workers using a mixture of pesticides, determining exactly which compounds were involved is difficult.
The Role of the Neuropsychologist in Life Care Planning
Published in Roger O. Weed, Debra E. Berens, Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook, 2018
Neuropsychological assessment can also provide information regarding an individual's ability to participate and, more importantly, benefit from rehabilitation treatment. The questions of whether an individual obtains benefits and of whether that benefit has psychological and social value and is maintained long enough to warrant the cost can be answered by repeat neuropsychological testing (Solberg & Mateer, 1989).
Difference between psychostimulant users and opioid users in recovery of cognitive impairment, measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA®)
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
Hilde Hoel Fjærli, Mikael J. Sømhovd, Tone H. Bergly
For SUD patients, treatment retention and completion are important success factors (Dalsbø et al., 2010; De Leon & Jainchill, 1986), and cognitive impairment is an important predictor of dropout from SUD treatment (Brorson, Arnevik, Rand-Hendriksen & Duckert, 2013; Sømhovd et al., 2019). The overrepresentation of cognitive impairments in the SUD patient population and the severe potential consequences of treatment dropout make awareness of SUD patients’ cognitive abilities crucial. However, it is also known that clinicians have difficulty in identifying cognitive impairment in patients based on clinical observation alone; typically, clinicians overrate their patients’ cognitive ability (e.g., Fals-Stewart, 1997). Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment is time-consuming and expensive and may not be feasible in all treatment facilities. Easy and time-efficient screening tools for cognitive function are therefore important, in order to identify possible cognitive impairment (Copersino et al., 2009). Knowledge of subgroups of patients with differences in the probability of more persistent cognitive impairments would be useful to further target screening and assessments.
Initial Adaptation of the General Cognitive Assessment Battery by Cognifit™ for Bulgarian Older Adults
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2022
Antonia Yaneva, Radka Massaldjieva, Nonka Mateva
Neuropsychological assessment is a valuable method for evaluating cognition in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with diseases that affect cognitive functions (Braun et al., 2011; Levy, Celen-Demirtas, Surguladze, Eranio, & Ellison, 2014; Rossetti, Munro Cullum, Hynan, & Lacritz, 2010; Shatil, Metzer, Horvitz, & Miller, 2010). It is an important part of clinical diagnosis, research, participant outcomes, and assessment of the effects of treatment or rehabilitation interventions (Aslam et al., 2018; Bakova, 2018; Korakas & Tsolaki, 2016; Lees, Stott, Quinn, & Broomfield, 2014; Mihaylova, Shopov, Bivolarski, Alakidi, & Kilova, 2017; Mountain, 2004; Semerdjieva, 2018). In practice, cognitive functioning is assessed through validated paper-pencil neuropsychological batteries by a qualified specialist. This approach is time-consuming, expensive, and considered as an obstacle to improving participant care and research efficiency in psychological and neuropsychological studies and interventions (Collerton et al., 2007).
CSIS: Proposal for a New Combined Screening Interpretation Score for Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2021
María Josefina Gonzalez Aguilar, Lucía Alba Ferrara
Albert et al. (2011) define four cognitive and clinical criteria for MCI that include: concern regarding a change in the patient’s condition, objective impairment in one or more cognitive domains, preservation of independence in functional abilities and absence of dementia. MCI is often the precursor of a dementia, but as the authors state “sharp demarcations between normal cognition and MCI, and between MCI and dementia are difficult, and clinical judgment must be used to make these distinctions” (p. 271). Neuropsychological assessment is an optimal way to study objectively the cognitive performance and the degree of cognitive impairment of an individual. Thus, neuropsychological screening tools for the identification of MCI not only would collaborate with the diagnosis, but would also aid to estimate globally the prevalence, incidence, risk and associated morbidity of this pathology. Although there is no scientific evidence of a specific pharmacological treatment for MCI to prevent its progression to dementia (Cooper, Li, Lyketsos, & Livingston, 2013; Li, Dai, Zhao, Liu, & Li, 2018) identifying dementia prodromes is crucial for future treatment efforts. Therefore, it is vital to study an effective, brief and sensitive screening score, feasible to be applied by health professionals in a context of primary care for the detection of cognitive impairment in older adults, considering both the extension in life expectancy in the elderly and the impact that these pathologies have on a family and economic level (Mías, Sassi, Masih, Querejeta, & Krawchik, 2007).