China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to botulinum toxin
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
There are over 50 described neurotransmitters, some of which are rapid-acting, such as glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid, and others, such as growth hormone, function more slowly. As neurophysiology isn’t the crux of this book, we shan’t dwell too much on the slower-acting neurotransmitters; however, it is worth having an understanding of the rapidly acting transmitters, which can be reviewed in Table 8.1.
Neurotoxicology
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Sean D. McCann, Trevonne M. Thompson
Seizures are one of the most common neurologic manifestations of severe toxicity and are a common reason why a neurologist may become involved in the care of a poisoned patient. Toxin-induced seizures are the result of a disruption of the homeostatic balance between excitatory and inhibitory tone in the central nervous system (CNS), either by an increase of excitatory tone or a decrease of inhibitory tone. Toxins that effect systems of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or glycine may be expected to commonly produce seizures. Mechanisms by which this occurs may involve nearly any aspect of neurophysiology including synaptic transmission, function of the neuromuscular junction, and axonal transmission.
Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Ravikiran Shenoy, Gorav Datta, Max Horowitz, Mike Fox
Decompression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist is a relatively uncommon procedure. Nerve compression may be associated with space-occupying lesions, anomalous muscles or trauma. It is imperative that the patient is examined from the cervical spine downwards, and clinical findings should be correlated with neurophysiology.
The importance of kinesiology, biomechanics and motor learning for movement analysis and clinical reasoning in neuromuscular physiotherapy
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2022
Katharine Scrivener, Roberta Shepherd
There have been significant advances and changes in the practice of neuromuscular physiotherapy over the last 40 years. The understanding of neurophysiology and integration of the movement sciences into physiotherapy has seen considerable progression in the field. The profession owes a debt of gratitude to those physiotherapists who have the courage to learn and collaborate with other movement science disciplines. The future of neuromuscular physiotherapy is bright, with solid knowledge in place and regular research emerging including advanced therapy strategies such as robotics. We encourage therapists to be open to the emergence of new evidence, being ready to change their practice, always remembering the foundations of movement science, including the process of movement analysis, based on the essential components of the task. It is indisputable that to regain skill in a particular action, the most important ingredient is practice of that skill within the appropriate environment. By studying biomechanics within the science of movement, the therapist can implement effective task-and-context specific training.
Olanzapine-samidorphan combination tablets for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder - what is it, and will it be used?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2022
Justin Faden, Ryan Serdenes, Leslie Citrome
Known endogenous opioid neurotransmitters currently include endorphins, dynorphins, and enkephalins [33]. The major opioid receptor subtypes are mu (μ), kappa (κ), and delta (δ) [34]. Although the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide receptor (NOP) was later discovered as an additional member of the opioid receptor family its relevance within clinical psychopharmacology is unclear at this time [35,36]. All opioid receptors are g-protein coupled receptors and have varied distribution in the brain with unique functions. While some opioid mediated effects can be attributed to their modulatory properties of GABAergic interneurons or direct inhibition of neurotransmitter release, the precise neurophysiology of the brain’s endogenous opioid system remains complex and poorly understood [37]. A general overview of CNS opioid receptors and their pertinent clinical correlates can be found in Table 1.
The effect of photic stimulation alone and in combination with sleep deprivation after a seizure-like event – reappraisal by using linear and nonlinear EEG methods
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Anett Járdánházy, Tamás Járdánházy
Eight subjects (1 female) participated in our study. Their mean age was 34.75 years (age range between 20–65 years) and they had a history of a seizure-like disturbed consciousness based on heteroanamnesis (eye witness report). None of them had any other neurological disease, nor used psychoactive medication during the investigation or in the previous weeks. All subjects underwent a standard clinical examination, and no neurological signs were noted. CT of the head (with intravenous contrasting, in one case MRI of the brain) examinations were without any significant alteration. During routine EEG analyses (visual EEG valuation performed by an expert in Clinical Neurophysiology) of all recordings, irregular rhythmic activity, ictal or interictal epileptiform discharges (i.e. sharp waves, spikes with or without slow waves) were not found.