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Innervation of Fascia
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
The term “nerve entrapment” is generally used to describe the entrapment or compression of a peripheral nerve as it passes through a musculoskeletal structure such as a fascial opening, a fibro-osseous tunnel or below a dense overlying fascial retinaculum. Only very few of these are attributed to muscles. Among these are cubital tunnel syndrome and piriformis syndrome, which are attributed to contractures of the anconeus and epitrochlear is muscle or of the piriformis muscle, respectively. The vast majority of entrapment syndromes are caused by compression of fascial bands, ligaments, aponeuroses, or other rigid structures.24
Facial Paralysis in Children
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Surgical exploration as an option remains controversial, with no randomized controlled study. It does seem reasonable, however, to explore when nerve entrapment is suspected or where the integrity of the nerve is compromised.
The Wrist
Published in Louis Solomon, David Warwick, Selvadurai Nayagam, Apley and Solomon's Concise System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2014
Louis Solomon, David Warwick, Selvadurai Nayagam
This is the commonest and best known of all the nerve entrapment syndromes. In the normal carpal tunnel there is barely room for all the tendons and the median nerve; consequently, any swelling is likely to result in compression and ischaemia of the nerve. Usually the cause eludes detection; the syndrome is, however, common in women at the menopause, in rheumatoid arthritis, in pregnancy and in myxoedema. The usual age group is 40–50 years.
The immediate and 1-week effects of mid-thoracic thrust manipulation on lower extremity passive range of motion
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Derrick Sueki, Shaun Almaria, Michael Bender, Brian McConnell
This study answers a few questions and opens up avenues for future study. Future research should be conducted to determine whether the presence of spinal or lower extremity nerve entrapment would affect outcomes. Future study should also look to identify the subsets of subjects that experience long-term improvement in PSLR following the thoracic manipulation and those who do not. Larger studies should be conducted to validate this study’s findings and identify factors that could predict the subject who could benefit from the intervention. Additionally, research that explores the impact of other manual therapy interventions such as mobilization or soft tissue mobilization on PSLR would help to determine whether the treatment effects were isolated to manipulation alone. Future studies should also be conducted that looks to identify the physiological mechanisms underlying manipulation and manual therapy as a whole.
Exercise-induced leg pain in athletes: diagnostic, assessment, and management strategies
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Heinz Lohrer, Nikolaos Malliaropoulos, Vasileios Korakakis, Nat Padhiar
A further search was performed for the EILP constituting sub-diagnoses: a. CECS: (Leg) and [(Chronic exertional compartment syndrome) or (CECS) or (chronic compartment syndrome) or (exertional compartment syndrome)], b. MTSS: (medial tibial stress syndrome) or (shin splint) or (MTSS), c. Stress fracture: [(tibial) and (stress fracture)] or [(tibia) and (stress fracture)] or [(fibula) and (stress fracture)] or [(fibular) and (stress fracture)], d. FPAES: (popliteal artery entrapment) or (FPAES), and e. Nerve entrapment: (nerve entrapment) and (leg).
Neurodynamic mobilization in a collegiate long jumper with exercise-induced lateral leg and ankle pain: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
Terry Cox, Tom Sneed, Herb Hamann
The diagnosis of peripheral neuropathic pain can be difficult. Nerve entrapment injuries do not always present with the classic neurologic signs of motor and sensory loss and/or reflex changes. Typically, peripheral nerve entrapment presents as burning pain brought about by activity and exacerbated by continued exercise with sequela of regional motor and/or sensory symptoms (Kaeding et al, 2005; McCrory et al, 2002). Nerve conduction studies are not always reliable in diagnosing lower extremity nerve lesions as it has been demonstrated that entrapment of the superficial fibular nerve does not necessarily decrease nerve conduction velocity (Styf 1988, 1989). Therefore, the clinician who is suspicious of the implications of nerve injury in an athlete complaining of lateral leg and/or ankle pain must administer a very careful and thorough examination to include the neural tissue. Although variations do exist, an understanding of the anatomical path of the nerve is essential for establishing a diagnosis as well as treatment. Basic knowledge of the microanatomy of peripheral nerve and neurons and of their complex reactions to compression is key to understanding, preventing and treating nerve compression injuries (Rempel and Diao, 2004). Additionally, efficient movement of the extremities requires that soft tissue structures, including peripheral nerves, move relative to adjacent structures and yet still have some intrinsic capacity to deform without being structurally or physiologically compromised (Butler 2000; Ellis and Hing, 2008a; Shacklock 1995). Several studies have shown the excursion of nerves during active or passive movements of the limbs (McLellan and Swash, 1976; Nakamichi and Tachibana, 1995; Wilgis and Murphy, 1986). Traction on the fibular nerve in the foot has been shown to produce a movement of the common fibular nerve ranging from 10 mm to 25 mm (Sunderland 1978). Since some degree of nerve excursion is anatomically and physiologically normal, anything that restricts gliding of peripheral nerves may predispose them to abnormal traction during various motions that result from an ankle injury (Hunt 2003; Rempel and Diao, 2004).