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Motor Aspects of Lateralization: Evidence for Evaluation of the Hypotheses of Chapter 8
Published in Robert Miller, Axonal Conduction Time and Human Cerebral Laterality, 2019
Constructional apraxia usually refers to impairment in tasks where physical objects of some sort are to be put together or articulated to form a single entity. A variety of tests are used to detect constructional apraxia (building with blocks to form a given design, drawing a figure to command or copying a given figure). Patients commonly show a deficit in one of these tasks but not in another. While the majority of cases occur after right hemisphere damage, a significant number can occur with dominant hemisphere lesions. A body of opinion holds that “constructional apraxia” is not a homogeneous disorder but is a somewhat arbitrary grouping of disorders with different psychological bases and different lateralization (Benson and Barton, 1970). Benton and Tranel (1993) do not classify it with apraxias, but label it “visuoconstructive disorder”.
Recognising and engaging with spatial cognition problems
Published in Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster, Addressing Brain Injury in Under-Resourced Settings, 2017
Ross Balchin, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, Jan Webster
Constructional apraxia involves the inability to correctly spatially arrange the parts of objects when copying a model such as a drawing. This is due to a problem with the ability to think spatially and to interpret the meaning of space in two and three dimensions. This problem is seen when you ask the patient to copy a complex diagram. The patient will make mistakes related to the spatial arrangement and relationship between different parts of the diagram. Remember that constructional apraxia must not be due to a visual or motor problem.
Rehabilitation and management of visual dysfunction following traumatic brain injury
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Constructional apraxia generally results from lesions of the posterior parietal lobe or the junction between the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. It may be due to perceptual deficits, more frequently associated with right hemisphere lesions, or motor function deficits, more frequently associated with left hemisphere lesions. Walsh174 lists differential effects on drawing that may be used to discriminate between perceptual and motor etiologies. For instance, right hemisphere lesions will tend to result in energetic, scattered, or fragmented drawings with a loss of spatial relations and orientation; left hemisphere involvement tends to result in drawings that are spatially intact and coherent but simplified and laborious, lacking in detail.
The memory for words: Armand Trousseau on aphasia
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Trousseau also gave an example of receptive aphasia and constructional apraxia as he related the case of an engraver who had lost the ability to express his thoughts verbally or through drawing. His sentences began normally and quickly became incoherent, but the patient was unaware that his speech had become incomprehensible. Wishing to know the extent of the patient’s disability, Trousseau had him read a sentence from a book14La Vie de sainte Geneviève. that began, “Four centuries have passed since a humble shepherdess,” and asked him to draw a shepherdess. What the patient drew, Trousseau related, “had nothing in common with the human form,” and he concluded, “here then is an illustrator who, along with other losses of intelligence, has lost the memory for drawing, just as previously a financier had lost the memory for numbers.”
Successful return to professional work after neglect, extinction, and spatial misperception – Three long-term case studies
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2021
We recently showed (Funk et al., 2013) that systematic visual feedback training (using VS-Win software, www.medicalcomputing.de) significantly improved the perception of the subjective visual vertical and six oblique visual line orientations, with significant transfer to clock-reading, spatial dysgraphia, and constructional apraxia. Since the affected patients had no awareness of their spatial misperception, we displayed their individual spatial error in one oblique line orientation task visually using an objective colour feedback (green = small error/nearly correct, red = too large an error) in every trial during the first treatment sessions. Later, the frequency of the feedback was gradually reduced, until patients finally solved this task without any visual or verbal feedback. This study showed that this type of spatial feedback training improves many visuospatial functions within some 10–13 treatment sessions. In the current study, I used this same type of immediate visual colour feedback of the actual own performance in 10 of the 11 visuospatial subtests described above in the VS-Win test system. Only for position discrimination was no colour feedback displayed on the screen for technical reasons. Instead, the therapist gave verbal feedback when the patient tried to copy the positions in the position discrimination task. Figure 2 shows the type of spatial feedback displayed and the spatial setup during therapy.
The use of standardised short-term and working memory tests in aphasia research: a systematic review
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2018
Laura Murray, Christos Salis, Nadine Martin, Jenny Dralle
Three visuo-spatial STM tests did not require serial recall: Two involved the immediate recognition of complex designs via a pointing response (i.e., Helm-Estabrooks, 2001; Kalbe et al., 2005) and one involved the recall of designs via a drawing response (i.e., WMS-R Visual Reproduction I). Of the two involving immediate recognition of complex designs, the version by Kalbe and colleagues received a stronger validity appraisal; however, both of these tests received poor ratings in measurement error and across all types of reliability. Consequently, neither test would be appropriate for monitoring recovery or treatment effects. Compared to these recognition tests, the WMS-R Visual Reproduction I had stronger psychometric characteristics, despite concerns with certain types of validity and reliability. Among the eligible studies, this visuo-spatial STM test was used in only one study with one participant (i.e., Murray et al., 2006). It is possible that this test was used infrequently because drawing abilities in individuals with aphasia may be confounded by a number of concomitant conditions (e.g., dominant hand paresis; constructional apraxia; visual neglect; Murray & Clark, 2015).