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Neurocelebrities in Film
Published in Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Neurocinema—The Sequel, 2022
In Glen Campbell … I’ll Be Me (2014) , directed by James Keach, we see Campbell sitting on a couch with his current wife, Kim. They watch old Super 8 home movies, and Kim identifies the family members for him. He does not recognize them, although, granted, the films are decades old. It is sad to see his disconnect; in many ways, Keach’s documentary records the unfolding of one of the great medical tragedies. When Glen was told he had Alzheimer’s disease, his failing memory was obvious to his family members. Surprisingly, Glen and his band (with three of his children) decided to go on tour to promote his new studio album (Figure 7.6). This documentary captures the immediacy of pulling it off. We follow Glen Campbell closely and sense at each moment the contrast between his musical virtuosity and his major cognitive deficit. Most of all, the documentary is about procedural (non-declarative) musical memory in dementia—the learned motor skill from countless hours of practicing, which remains intact longer than any other intellectual skill. Patients with Alzheimer’s dementia may sing a tune correctly but are unable to name the title. Still, the right hemisphere remains important when playing an instrument, and once that area of the brain becomes affected, musicians may lose mastery altogether.
Neurologic Diagnosis
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Functions associated with the nondominant right hemisphere (in the right-handed people) should always be tested in a patient with a left hemiparesis or sudden change in behavior where a “nonobvious stroke” may cause vague behavior and hemispatial neglect without paralysis from cortical parietotemporal lobe involvement.
Capgras’ syndrome
Published in David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball, Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, 2020
David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball
Traditionally Capgras’ syndrome has been considered to have its origins in a psychodynamic conflict. However, since Gluckman (1968) described a case occurring in the setting of apparent organic disease with radiologically-proven cerebral atrophy, although implicating psychological factors as well, an advanced advocacy for an organic aetiology has grown. Now it is estimated that 25–40% of cases are associated with organic disorders, which include dementia, head trauma, epilepsy, and cerebrovascular disease. Neuroimaging evidence suggests a link between Capgras’ syndrome and right hemisphere abnormalities, particularly in the frontal and temporal regions. Neuropsychological research has provided empirical support for these findings by consistently reporting the presence of impairments in facial recognition processes – an established right hemisphere function – although there is no universal agreement regarding the exact nature of this impairment.
Influence of right versus left unilateral spatial neglect on the functional recovery after rehabilitation in sub-acute stroke patients
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Tomomi Yoshida, Katsuhiro Mizuno, Anna Miyamoto, Kunitsugu Kondo, Meigen Liu
The incident rate of USN was 43.5% for all patients, 48.4% for patients with right hemisphere damage, and 31.7% for patients with left hemisphere damage. The incidence of USN was significantly higher in patients with right hemisphere damage than in those with left hemisphere damage (chi-square test, p < 0.05). We compared the baseline characteristics of patients with right hemisphere damage to those of patients with left hemisphere damage. The age, sex, time after stroke onset, stroke subtype, and length of stay were not significantly different between the two groups. The home discharge rate in patients with right hemisphere damage was significantly lower than that in patients with left hemisphere damage (right: 77% vs left: 89%, chi-square test, p < 0.05). In patients with USN, there was no significant difference in baseline characteristics, including the home discharge rate (right: 68% vs left: 75%, chi-square test, p > 0.05).
Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
David A. Bellows, Noel C.Y. Chan, John J. Chen, Hui-Chen Cheng, Peter W. MacIntosh, Jenny A. Nij Bijvank, Michael S. Vaphiades, Sui H. Wong, Xiaojun Zhang
Capgras syndrome (CS) is a delusional misidentification syndrome characterised by a false belief that an identical duplicate has replaced someone significant to the patient or replaced an inanimate object or an animal. It is named after Joseph Capgras, a psychiatrist of French origin. In 1979, Alexander et al. proposed that CS correlated with a combination of right hemisphere damage causing problems with visual recognition and frontal lobe damage-causing difficulties with familiarity. Another study found possible correlations between CS and prosopagnosia in brain-injured patients. It occurs in both genders and is widely regarded as the most prevalent of the delusional misidentification syndromes appearing in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric cases, including patients with brain damage, especially the bifrontal, right limbic, and temporal regions. This brain damage leads to aberrant memory functions, self-monitoring, and reality perception. Such neurophysiological deficits cause an inability to integrate emotional information processing and facial recognition correctly. Besides schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Lewy body dementia, epilepsy, cerebrovascular accident, pituitary tumours, and advanced Parkinson’s disease patients can experience CS. The propensity for violence in CS patients requires its speedy recognition and timely intervention.
Substrates of speech treatment-induced neuroplasticity in adults and children with motor speech disorders: A systematic scoping review of neuroimaging evidence
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2021
Brooke-Mai Whelan, Deborah Theodoros, Katie L. Mcmahon, David Copland, Danielle Aldridge, Jessica Campbell
The LSVT-LOUD® program targets motor and sensory loudness training, whereby the speaker is coached to self-monitor loudness levels and recalibrate when necessary. A specialised role for the right hemisphere has been established in the perception of music and speech sound intensity in healthy subjects (Brancucci, Babiloni, Rossini, & Romani, 2005). Intensive speech treatment in relation to a targeted level of vocal intensity, therefore, appears to enlist the right hemisphere in the refinement of speech sound intensity perception. Reduced activations within the motor speech areas of the primary motor cortex (M1 mouth) following treatment also implies that sensory-motor volume re-training alters neural activity within this speech dedicated area. The normalisation of post-LSVT-LOUD® activations within M1 is supported by evidence of significantly greater fMRI activations in M1 during voiced versus voiceless speech production in normals (Correia, Caballero-Gaudes, Guediche, & Carreiras, 2020). This finding suggests control of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx to be facilitated by M1, and that laryngeal function and neural activity within M1 can be altered, or rather normalised by intensive training.