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Different Dietary Approaches
Published in Ruth Chambers, Paula Stather, Tackling Obesity and Overweight Matters in Health and Social Care, 2022
Essentially, the essence of weight loss diets for anyone who is overweight or obese and willing to change is to reduce their calorie intake by at least 600 kcals per day and enhance or sustain reasonable daily physical activity, to aim for weight loss of 1–2 lbs (0.5–1 kgm) per week and a 5–10% weight loss overall. So these are energy-restricted diets in the range of 800–1500 calories per day. They should contain a balance of protein, fat and carbohydrates, usually with reduced fat.
Optimal Nutrition for Women
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Kayli Anderson, Kaitlyn Pauly, Debra Shapiro, Vera Dubovoy
Energy balance occurs when energy intake is equal to energy expenditure, which is the goal for maintaining body weight. When energy intake exceeds expenditure, a state of positive energy balance occurs followed by an increase in body mass, most of which is usually body fat. On the other hand, when energy expenditure exceeds intake, negative energy balance leads to a loss of body mass, which is also usually body fat.22 While overweight and obesity is generally considered to be a result of either excessive calorie intake or insufficient physical activity, body weight is incredibly complex, so the most effective strategies for achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight often employ many modalities including nutrition, physical activity, mental health, and others.
Preparing for the next pregnancy
Published in Janetta Bensouilah, Pregnancy Loss, 2021
In addition, prior to conception and for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy a folic acid supplement should be taken, and women should be encouraged to maintain their BMI within the normal healthy range. Being overweight or underweight will both make it more difficult to conceive and put the pregnancy at risk. For example, overweight and obese women have higher risks of preterm labour, neonatal mortality and morbidity and very low birthweight babies,4 and those with a BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 have a higher risk of stillbirth and early miscarriage.4,5
Determination of distress, emotional eating and internalized weight bias levels of Turkish pregnant women
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Gülay Çelik, Emine Yılmaz, Feyza Nazik, Hacer Unver
In this study, 47.9% of pregnant women were found to be overweight or obese according to their pre-pregnancy body mass index averages. BMI before conception according to Turkey Nutrition Guide (2016) is below 18.5 kg/m2 pregnant women with low birth weights, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 normal, 25.0-29.9 kg/m2 pregnant women who are pregnant are overweight, and expectant mothers with 30.0 kg/m2 or more are obese. In a study in the U.S., more than half of all women of childbearing age were reported to be obese, while 8% were reported to be extremely obese (Vahratian 2009). In the UK, however, one out of every 20 pregnant women was found to be obese (Charnley et al.2021). The prevalence of obesity in pregnant women in Turkey was reported in the range of 27.2% to 33% (Irge et al.2005 no date; Kaya et al.2012, Kaya et al.2012, Koçak et al.2021). Atalay and Derin (2020) reported 49.2% of pregnancy women obese and slightly obese. Being pregnant as overweight or obese increased risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth (Despite all efforts to reduce obesity and minimise its risk factors, obesity can lead to unwanted complications for the mother and baby during the prenatal period, pregnancy, and postpartum period) (Kimmel et al.2016, Charnley et al.2021). Pregnant women with obesity have a risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, emergency caesarean section, foetal growth abnormalities, intrauterine development retardation, and intrauterine mortality compared to non-obese pregnant women (Hildingsson and Thomas 2012).
Low dose of liraglutide combined with metformin leads to a significant weight loss in Chinese Han women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a retrospective study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Xuefeng Long, Hengwei Liu, Wenqian Xiong, Wenjin Li, Haitang He, Tian Fu, Xiaoou Li, Chunyan Chen, Ling Zhang, Yi Liu
The pathophysiological mechanism of PCOS is complex and has not yet been elucidated. Obesity, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are considered to be closely related to PCOS. Most women with PCOS are overweight or obese, and obesity plays a key role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Too much adipose tissue may cause insulin resistance even hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism, and these will result in acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularity and infertility. In the other hand, overweight and obesity increase the risks of type II diabetes, coronary heart disease and other metabolic diseases in the long term. Metformin is commonly used in the treatment of PCOS, for reducing insulin resistance and ovulation induction, but its effect on weight loss is often unsatisfactory.
Obesity and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Hong-fei Liu, Dong-fang Meng, Peng Yu, Ji-cao De, Hui-ying Li
Included studies were required to meet the following criteria: (1) cohort studies, whether prospective or retrospective; (2) the exposed group could be patients with any type of obesity, and the control group consisted of patients without obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used measure of overweight and obesity in adults. World Health Organization (WHO) defines ‘overweight’ as having a BMI equal to or greater than 25, and ‘obesity’ as having a BMI equal to or greater than 30. According to the standards formulated by the WHO, patients with BMI ≥ 30 are defined as obesity in this review. (3) the risk of fractures as the outcome that expressed as an adjusted odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio (HR). Because the adjusted RR, OR, HR can reduce the influence of confounders and the observation bias. In addition, the inclusion criteria for postmenopausal women are based on the International Classification of Diseases − 10 and are based on age and participant claims. (4) fractures should be a risk occurring naturally under observation.