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Exopolysaccharide Production from Marine Bacteria and Its Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Prashakha J. Shukla, Shivang B. Vhora, Ankita G. Murnal, Unnati B. Yagnik, Maheshwari Patadiya
Nanobiotechnology is receiving global attention due to its various applications. The synthesis of NPs with different sizes, morphologies and chemical composition is an important area of research in nanobiotechnology. EPSs have been recently focused on for NPs synthesis, because of their biodegradable, hydrophilic and biocompatible nature (Sarmento et al., 2006). Generally, NPs are easily produced from plant extracts and microbes, but the mechanisms for production are ill defined, and the final product is impure. EPSs from microbial origins seem to be a promising alternative as they can effectively act as strong reducing as well as stabilizing agents for metal NP production (Mehta et al., 2014).
Nanoparticle-Mediated Small RNA Deliveries for Molecular Therapies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Uday Kumar Sukumar, Tarik F. Massoud
Nanobiotechnology allows the delivery of drugs through nanoformulations that provide desired release kinetics for prolonged periods of time. Polymer nanoparticles are biodegradable and surface modifiable. These nanoparticles protect and deliver the drugs and small RNAs. In addition, the polymer matrix is also subsequently degraded over time through normal metabolic process. Moreover, polymer nanoparticles possess unique capabilities to deliver multiple drugs with different properties in one carrier (drugs in combination with small RNAs). Polymer nanoparticles can both passively and actively target tumor cells, and can increase the effectiveness of drugs as compared to direct delivery [126–129]. In addition, PEGylation of polymer nanoparticles also increases the circulation time of nanoparticles in blood and passively enhances their concentration at tumor sites by the EPR effect [130, 131]. Moreover, polymer nanoparticles containing targeted ligands can actively target tumors through specific ligand–receptor interactions. The efficiency with which targeted nanoparticles selectively accumulate at the tumor site mainly depends on various factors such as (i) selective over expression of the receptor in the tumor cells in comparison to normal non-target cells, and (ii) receptor accessibility to the ligands [130, 131]. Although important progress has been made in tumor molecular targeting, significant developments are still required for therapists in practice to target drug delivery within solid tumors selectively.
Recent Advances in the Utilization of Bioengineered Plant-Based Nanoparticles
Published in Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Muhammad Akram, Kadiri Oseni, Olerimi Samson E, Osikemekha Anthony Anani, Wilson Nwankwo, Hina Anwar, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Akinola Samson Olayinka
The world’s population is increasing every day. The utilization of modern drugs to curb the incidences of some deadly diseases has improved tremendously of late. Contrary to this, some infectious microorganisms have developed highly resistant vigour to these modern drugs. However, there is always a way out in every condition. The use of nanotechnology has been proven to be more effective in the therapeutic management of highly resistant diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) caused by the strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Ogbole and Ajaiyeoba, 2010; Gupta et al., 2017). The application of nanobiotechnology in medicine for the treatment and prevention of mild, severe or chronic diseases and sickness is called nanomedicine. Nanophytomedicine, which is the application of plant extracts in the therapeutics of diseases, has been in the forefront of traditional medicine and promising to be a sustainable health tool for life longevity against several ill-health. This is a novel therapeutic area in medicine with wide-ranging regulation and ethical and safety approach in solving health care issues.
Matrix metalloproteinase enzyme responsive delivery of 5-Fluorouracil using Collagen-I peptide functionalized Dendrimer-Gold nanocarrier
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Sejal Chauhan, Krunal Patel, Poonam Jain, Ashok Kumar Jangid, Sunita Patel, Kanakaraju Medicherla, Kajal Limbad, Chetan Mehta, Hitesh Kulhari
Nanotechnology is a new but rapidly emerging field and has found its applications in various fields of health sector like nanomedicines, nanobiotechnology, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have advantages of enhanced solubility, protection of drugs from premature degradation, prolonged blood circulation, less toxicity, and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Various MMP-based drug releasing nanoparticles have been synthesized for cancer treatment [6–9]. Ehram et al. conjugated MMP9-responsive peptide to paclitaxel. This peptide-drug conjugate has the ability to self-assemble and form nanoparticles. When LN-18 human glioblastoma cells were treated with these nanoparticles, MMP9 cleaved the peptide and released the paclitaxel. This nanoparticle showed higher toxicity as compared to free paclitaxel in the presence of MMP9 [6].
Vinblastine loaded on graphene quantum dots and its anticancer applications
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Thi Hang Au, Bich Ngoc Nguyen, Phuong Hoa Nguyen, Stephanie Pethe, Giang Vo-Thanh, Thu Ha Vu Thi
Nanobiotechnology is a potential use of nanomaterials as drugs for cancer therapy in recent years (Balcioglu et al. 2013). Carbon nanostructure exhibits favourable biocompatibility with low toxicity, excellent physical properties, changeable surface, improved multifunctionality, and compatibility with conventional graphene technology. The comparisons of the stabilised energies of Vinblastine and carbon nanotubes were reported mainly by quantum mechanics calculations for energy and geometry optimizations (Mollaamin et al.2014). Vinblastine’s interaction with microtubule was investigated for the temperature effects on the binding of Vinblastine to carbon nanotubes as a carrier for Vinblastine targeted delivery (Li et al.2016). This work provided in-depth knowledge on drug-carrier interactions through the discussion of loading position, interaction energy, loading capacities, carbon nanotubes functionalization and chirality effects. However, no bioactivity study of this compound has been reported.
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) A. DC. root extract and unravelling their potential biomedical applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Shruti Nindawat, Veena Agrawal
Apparently, nanobiotechnology has come forth as a novel strategy for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. In vitro anticancer activity of nanoparticles has been reported against different human cancer cell lines such as A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), U87 (glioblastoma cell), COLO205 (colon adenocarcinoma), HepG2 (hepatic cancer), HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (prostate carcinoma), KB (oral cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), HCT 15 (colon adenocarcinoma), AGS (gastric carcinoma), Jurkat (T acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and mouse colon adenocarcinoma (CT-26), etc. [4]. Potent antiproliferative activity of AgNPs synthesized using leaf extract of Artemisia vulgaris has been observed against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines [5]. Also, cytotoxicity of AgNPs loaded chitosan-alginate constructs has been reported against HeLa cells [6].