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Fenugreek in Management of Immunological, Infectious, and Malignant Disorders
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Rohini Pujari, Prasad Thakurdesai
Helminthiasis or worm infections (e.g., roundworms, tapeworms, flukeworms) are among the most persistent health problems causing human debility, cognitive deficits, and sometimes death, with huge economic losses, especially in animal husbandry. Furthermore, helminthiasis is reported to exacerbate other severe infections such as tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Ishnava and Konar 2020). Fenugreek was being explored in the last few years as a potential option for conventional anthelmintic agents to overcome significant challenges such as adverse effects and resistance (Lalthanpuii and Lalchhandama 2020).
Control of Human Intestinal Nematode Infections
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
This recently discovered compound is an analogue of pyrantel, showing good effectivity against T. trichiura. A single dose of 10 mgg is effective in light infections, while this daily dose for 3 d cures most of the severe infections.24 The combination of oxantel and pyrantel widens the spectrum of activity to the three main soil-transmitted nematodes — A. lumbricoides, hookworms, and T. trichiura and also to E. vermicularis. Its use in a single dose in communities presenting endemic intestinal helminthiases has shown beneficial effects, maintaining low prevalence rates when administered periodically.25 Oxantel is well tolerated and does not produce toxic effects.
Heterocyclic Drug Design and Development
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Garima Verma, Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman, Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
Helminths are the worm-like parasites which include flukes, roundworms, and tapeworms. These worms found in the intestine lead to a situation known as helminthiasis. Symptoms of helminthiasis include cough, wheeze, diarrhea, urticaria, etc. Drugs, which kill these worms are known as anthelmintics. Some commonly used anthelmintic agents include pyrantel, mebendazole, albendazole, ivermectin, and thiabendazole. A few anthelmintic agents are also obtained from plants. Such agents are mentioned in Table 9.4.
Helminths, hosts, and their microbiota: new avenues for managing gastrointestinal helminthiases in ruminants
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Alba Cortés, James Rooney, Dave J. Bartley, Alasdair J. Nisbet, Cinzia Cantacessi
Widespread resistance to currently available anthelmintic drugs [1,2], together with the biological and technical complexity that surrounds the design of effective anti-helminth vaccines [3] severely hinder efforts to reduce the impact of GI helminthiases on the livestock industry. Thus, the development of novel and sustainable strategies for helminthiasis control is a top priority. In the present article, we summarized currently available data supporting the hypothesis that both helminth and host (gut) microbial communities may play key roles in the interplay between GIN and their ruminant hosts, and thus could represent new targets for infection and disease control (cf. [7,66]). However, we argue that a thorough understanding of (i) the causality of interactions between the host gut mucosa and immune system, the gut microbiota, and the parasite [7,8,66], (ii) the modes of action of intervention strategies aimed to modify the composition and/or function of the gut microbiota (e.g. the use of prebiotics and/or probiotics [37,38]), and (iii) the mechanisms by which diet supplementation aids the development of resistance/tolerance to GI helminth infections (e.g. [44]), are necessary in order to translate this knowledge into practical applications.
Chemical composition and broad-spectrum anthelmintic activity of a cultivar of toothache plant, Acmella oleracea, from Mizoram, India
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Pawi Bawitlung Lalthanpuii, Kholhring Lalchhandama
Helminthiases are among the neglected tropical diseases that attract less attention than other infections chiefly because their immediate symptoms are not life-threatening. They are the major cause of morbidity in humans and decreased productivity in veterinary livestock. In fact, they are now the most prevalent infectious diseases in humans. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports in 2019 that soil-transmitted helminths infect 1.5 billion people (WHO 2019a), while schistosomiases alone accounts for 220 million cases (WHO 2019b), thereby surpassing malaria (at 219 million cases) as the most prevalent infection. It is also vitally crucial to admit that the situation due to helminthiasis is exacerbated by a pervasive anthelmintic resistance in major helminths to all available anthelmintic drugs. The need for improvements of these drugs and alternative sources of drugs is utterly compelling (Becker et al. 2018; Schulz et al. 2018).
Helminthiases in North Korea: a neglected public health challenge
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2019
Helminthiasis in North Korea has received relatively little public health attention from the international community. Although important breakthroughs in data collection and investigation were made for the current status of nutrition, hepatitis B, and tuberculosis by researchers [13,17,18], no effort was realized on the subject of helminthiasis. However, it should be noted that helminthiasis is associated with or can aggravate other health problems, such as tuberculosis, malaria, HIV/AIDS, wasting, and anemia [19–24], which are prevalent in North Korea [5]. In this regard, it is essential for public health professionals working in North Korea to have knowledge about the current status of helminthiasis, since it would provide the rationale for the strategy on other important public health issues such as malaria and malnutrition in North Korea. This review, therefore, aims to analyze the current burden of helminthiasis in North Korea. In particular, the author will highlight the findings of helminthic cases both in North Korean residents and refugees (defectors) so that we can assess the differences in the epidemiologic conditions between the two populations.