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Infection prevention and control
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
For a community setting, you might have identified the following: Good personal hygiene is required, particularly handwashing before eating and after using the toilet.There are no specific requirements in relation to the cleaning of crockery and cutlery as bacteria and viruses are easily removed by washing in hot water and detergent, ideally in a dishwasher.If dishes are washed by hand, use a disposable dishcloth with clean hot water and detergent. The items should be rinsed and left to air dry, not dried with a tea towel as these are easily contaminated.If possible, the person should be allocated a toilet for their sole use.If there is a suspected outbreak of gastrointestinal illness – defined as when two or more clients or staff are affected by unexplained diarrhoea or vomiting – then further action may be needed, particularly if there are other vulnerable people within the residence (PHE 2013).
Communicable Diseases
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Early detection and control of epidemics requires robust surveillance systems; however, this can be challenging in contexts of large population movements. Hand hygiene is one of the most effective methods for preventing transmission of food-, water- and air-borne pathogens. Hand-washing facilities and sufficient soap should always be made available near toilets. Hand hygiene is ensured by washing hands with soap and water for at least 40–60 seconds or by rubbing hands with an alcohol-based solution for 20–30 seconds, if available. For healthcare workers and carers, hands should be washed frequently, especially before and after contact with sick people, before and after preparing food, before meals and after using the toilet.
Everyday reality at nursing home care facilities experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Maria Łuszczyńska, Marvin Formosa, Ageing and COVID-19, 2021
Małgorzata Halicka, Jerzy Halicki, Krzysztof Czykier
It is also important to use protective masks (of the right type, in the right way, and in certain situations) and to keep a distance in relations with other people. It is also important to disinfect surfaces and objects of everyday use and to maintain hygiene when preparing meals.
Pollution assessment and estimation of the percentages of toxic elements to be removed to make polluted drinking water safe: a case from Nigeria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Johnbosco C. Egbueri, Daniel A. Ayejoto, Johnson C. Agbasi
The NO3− concentrations in the water resources were found to be below the standard limit (10–15 mg/L) set by NIS (2007) and the WHO (2017), ranging from 0 to 18.481 mg/L, with an average of 1.962 mg/L. This is likely due to the excessive use of nitrate fertilizer or other agricultural practices in the surrounding agricultural lands, as well as significant surface runoff from agricultural fields to wetlands. Anthropogenic sources such as poor management of organic wastes, sewage, and nitrogen-rich fertilizers are frequently blamed for NO3 pollution, which usually results in an outbreak of methemoglobinemia (blue-baby syndrome), goiter, and gastric cancer (Karanth 1987, Fewtrell 2004, BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) 2012, Wagh et al.2017, 2019, Egbueri 2019, Latif et al.2020, Sahoo and Khaoash 2020). As a result, it is recommended that the hygiene of the environment in these areas be improved. In general, because of their high concentrations, several PTAs have been found to represent a substantial health concern to water users around the world. The PTAs chosen for this investigation, however, were determined to be moderate in general. All of the PTAs were found to be below their respective criteria, according to the data (Table 1).
Preventing healthcare-related infections among older adults: a focus on cross-transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
There have been several studies that have investigated risk factors for development of resistant infections in older individuals. Jackson et al. developed a model to identify factors associated with transmission of MRSA to healthcare worker gowns in nursing homes and found that dependency, presence of medical devices, diabetes, skin wounds, and male sex were predictive variables [30]. In another study conducted Couderc and colleagues, MRSA acquisition in nursing home residents was associated with fluoroquinolone use, male sex, and intensive care as significant risk factors [31]. Flokas et al. performed a systematic review of the literature and included 23 studies related to extended-spectrum b-lactamase producing Enterobacterales and found that risk factors for colonization included antibiotic use, prior hospitalization, invasive procedures history, history of urinary tract infection, and urinary catheter use [32]. Cochard and colleagues further found that environmental contamination and adherence to hygiene measures were important determinants [33].
Ranking the health precautions for the ‘new normal’ after the COVID-19 outbreak in production environments
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
In fact, most of these precautions are basically precautions aimed at preventing employees from coming together unnecessarily. As is known, OHS physicians have critical roles in improving health conditions in workplaces and preventing some occupational diseases. By increasing the powers of OHS physicians in all kinds of measures to be taken regarding COVID-19, expanding their field of activity without bureaucratic obstacles will help detect and prevent COVID-19 earlier. It is known that the WHO encourages the wearing of masks, especially in public areas [41]. For this reason, it is a serious measure to encourage the use of masks with appropriate protective properties in closed production areas. Beside this, improving hygiene conditions in workplaces will help prevent the possible spread of COVID-19 among employees in the new normal period. Improving occupational hygiene conditions includes the following precautions: putting hand scrub/hand disinfectants/disinfectants in different areas of workplaces, reducing the number of common items, placing practical lidded waste bins in various places in workplaces, environmental cleaning and disinfection should take place at least once a day, etc.