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Infectious Disease and Foreign Travel Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
Consider every patient to be potentially infectious and adopt standard infection control precautions including designated hospital hand hygiene practice, and the use of personal protective equipment to minimize body substance exposure. Precautions must be consistently observed with every ED patient in order to prevent any HIV dissemination and consequent exposure to disease risk.Always wash hands before and after contact with a patient.Wear gloves when handling blood specimens and body fluids.Wear a disposable apron if there is likely to be contamination of clothing (e.g. from bleeding), and a face mask and goggles if splashing is even a small possibility.Take great care handling needles or scalpel blades, particularly on disposal.Clean blood spills immediately with a suitable chlorine-based disinfectant.
Ascaris
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Stefano D'Amelio, Viliam Snabel, Serena Cavallero
Improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access and practices are generally associated with reduced odds of STH infection, with particular regard to A. lumbricoides infections.38 Although most WASH interventions for STH have focused on sanitation, access to safe water and hygiene also appear to significantly reduce the risk of infection.
Breaking the Barriers
Published in Oliver Cumming, Tom Slaymaker, Equality in Water and Sanitation Services, 2018
Jane Wilbur, Louisa Gosling, Hazel Jones
WASH is particularly important for people living with chronic illnesses like HIV (PHLIV) to ensure that they continue to live healthy and productive lives. It is estimated that PLHIV need more than the average amount of water per person per day to have sufficient water for drinking, food preparation, laundry and personal hygiene.11 Access to WASH can help prevent opportunistic infections and diarrhoea, which affects 90% of PLHIV,12 and there is growing evidence that WASH interventions are cost-effective in reducing morbidity associated with HIV.13
Field-testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines among mothers/caregivers of children between the ages of 3 and 5 years in the Northern Metropole, City of Cape Town, Western Cape province, South Africa
Published in South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021
The hand-washing SA-PFBDG is an example of a ‘nutrition-sensitive’ approach, improving individual nutrition security.18,19 All participants reported having heard of this guideline before and implementing hand-washing. This reflects the potential for success in spreading vital information when sectors join forces (e.g. health, education and sanitation). Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a universal approach to reduce incidence of infectious diseases. Lack of access to water and low implementation of personal hygiene increases the probability of young-child morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases (e.g. diarrhoea).19 For significant further improvements in food safety and to decrease the incidence of infectious diseases in lower income areas, government must improve WASH as well as access to safe drinking water on a structural level.20
Longevity of hand sanitisers on fingers
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Parthasarathi Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Yasir, Ajay Kumar Vijay, Mark DP Willcox, Shyam Tummanapalli
There was variation between the difference in the numbers of bacteria isolated from fingers of participants at baseline on the two types of chocolate agar; ranging from 0.7 to 9 times. This suggests that participants may have different amounts of antibacterial substances on their fingers, possibly as the result of producing different amounts of endogenous fatty acids or having used different types of hand sanitisers or soaps prior to the study. Future studies should consider using a wash-in approach, i.e. having participants use the same types of hand washing procedures prior to examining effects of different hand sanitisers.
WASH and gender in health care facilities: The uncharted territory
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2019
Petra Kohler, Samuel Renggli, Christoph Lüthi
The need to take into account the complexity of WASH services in health care facilities both from a WASH user and a WASH provider perspective. This means moving beyond a merely infrastructure focused assessment towards a holistic service evaluation. For example, even an improved water source will not provide any service if it is unavailable throughout the year, be it due to the lack of proper operation and maintenance or seasonal challenges. By developing questions asked on WASH that deal with more than one perspective, a more accurate picture of the on-the-ground situation can be drawn.