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Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Water pollution is any contamination of water with chemicals or other foreign substances that are detrimental to human, plant, or animal health (211). Due to the rapid growth of the world’s population and the development of industries, industrial and household waste in the environment, particularly in water, is also increasing considerably. Hence, natural water is now polluted everywhere. The main pollutants infecting water include fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural runoff; chemical wastes from pharmaceutical discharges; domestic sewage and food processing waste; plastic items for individual and collective use; and lead, mercury, and other heavy metals from different industries (212). Among them, plastic items are the main concern for ecosystems worldwide (213–214).
Water Quality and the Impact on Human Health and the Environment: The Current International and EU Regulatory Framework
Published in Stefania Negri, Environmental Health in International and EU Law, 2019
As for the surveillance mechanisms, Article 8 of the Protocol mandates that Parties establish, maintain, or improve comprehensive national and/or local control and early-warning systems to prevent and respond to water-related disease, which will: (i) detect actual or significant threats of water-related disease outbreaks or incidents, including from water-pollution incidents or extreme climactic events; (ii) duly notify the relevant public authorities about such outbreaks, incidents, or threats; (iii) in the event of any impending threat, ensure all members of the public who may be affected have all the information that could assist in preventing or lessening harm; (iv) provide the pertinent public authorities, and when relevant to the public, guidance on preventive and remedial actions.23
The popular sector
Published in Miho Ushiyama, Incorporating Patient Knowledge in Japan and the UK, 2019
The group also wants atopic dermatitis to be seen as not just a problem of skin care, compliance, and topical steroids—as health care workers often believe—but as a result of wide-ranging factors that include the environment, the body, food, gender, and family. The following principles were outlined in a foreword to Tomomi’s report for the Environment and Allergy Forum held in 1993: It has been proposed that a true cure for allergies cannot be found until allergies are recognized as an environmental problem.Allergies are caused by multiple factors. The causes include not only air pollution, but also food additives, pesticides, and high-protein and high-calorie diets, and these factors need to be considered along with their solutions.Water pollution due to synthetic detergents and organic solvents does not just damage the environment, but also leads to residual chlorine, and can be a trigger for atopy symptoms (Kanamaru, 1996: 199–200).
The genotoxic effects of mixture of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, and chromium on the gill tissue of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton 1822)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Fulya Dilek Gökalp, Oğuzhan Doğanlar, Zeynep Banu Doğanlar, Utku Güner
As a result, exposure to the low- and high-concentrations of the metal mixture caused stress in the zebrafish cells, and increased the antioxidant gene activity needed for cell survival. However, as the duration of exposure was increased, the cells entered the apoptotic pathway. This was more evident in the high-concentration exposure groups. The necessity for a reevaluation of the standard limits of toxic element concentrations for drinking and irrigation water outlined in the Standing Rules of Water Pollution Control Regulations is evident. Additionally, there is a need to reevaluate the importance of metal mixture interactions and their effect on ecological balance and environmental health. Also, these results might give useful data for the prediction of metal mixture toxicity and identify its associated mechanisms for further study in toxicogenomics. Furthermore, an assessment of multiple metal toxic effects might play a key role in risk evaluation.
Spatial distribution, multivariate statistical analysis, and health risk assessment of some parameters controlling drinking water quality at selected primary schools located in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Tapos Kormoker, Abubakr M. Idris, Mohammed Mahmud Khan, Tanmoy Roy Tusher, Ram Proshad, Md. Saiful Islam, Sujan Khadka, Shaira Rahman, Md. Humayun Kabir, Satyajit Kundu
According to the report of WHO (2011), 80% of the diseases in the developing countries are caused due to water pollution. Several types of cancers might be occurred from the intake of water polluted by toxic metals (Kavcar et al.2009). For instance, arsenic (As) mobilization was reported as the major cause of groundwater pollution in the central Bangladesh (Rahman et al.2016b). The oral and dermal exposure of As contaminated water can cause keratosis, hypertension, developmental effects, cardiovascular diseases, lung disease, kidney failure, liver failure, neurotoxicity, and arsenicosis (Rahman et al.2015b, FAO/UNICEF/WHO/WSP 2010). Additionally, chloride (Cl−) comes into the surface and groundwater due to weathering and leaching from the sedimentary rocks (Rahman et al.2016a). According to a report Trivedy and Goel (1984), the Cl− content in the water at the level of 250–500 mg/L produces the drinking water salty in taste.
An overview on cyanobacterial blooms and toxins production: their occurrence and influencing factors
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Isaac Yaw Massey, Muwaffak Al osman, Fei Yang
Water pollution resulting from cyanoblooms have globally been reported in oceans, lakes, rivers, lagoons, streams, wells and water reservoirs (Mowe et al.2015, Ndlela et al.2016, Meriluoto et al.2017, Svircev et al.2019, Zhang et al.2019). Figure 1 illustrates examples of cyanoblooms. The massive toxic blooms of Microcystis sp. which occurred in Lake Taihu and the western basin of Lake Erie, further producing microcystins affected water usage in Wuxi, China and Ohio, USA respectively for a period (Zhang et al.2010, Carmichael and Boyer 2016). This suggests that cyanoblooms and cyanotoxins may contaminate water source, making it unsafe for ecological and human utilization. Thus the present review summarizes recent knowledge on cyanoblooms and cyanotoxins; their occurrence and influencing factors. This paper further puts forward some pressing measures to ensure toxic cyanoblooms minimization.