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Radiation Hormesis in Immunity
Published in T. D. Luckey, Radiation Hormesis, 2020
Low doses of ionizing radiation increase the efficacy of cellular immunity; this includes lymphocyte phagocytosis and lymphocytic enzymes involved in bactericidal activity.130,329,427,576,709,962 when mice were exposed to 75 mGy of X-rays, their spleen plaqueforming cells, a T cell function, increased 212% when compared with controls, p <0.001.492,494 Low doses of radon, 40 kBq/1 for 10 to 60 d, stimulated proliferation of mucosal epithelium.627 This may be a response to increased “colony stimulating factor” produced by neutrophils.735,741 Increased granulocytosis was transient following irradiation.775
Unexplained Fever In Hematologic Disorders
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Myeloproliferative syndromes, i.e., polycythemia vera (PV), esssential thrombocy-themia (ET), and agnogenic myeloid metaplasia are neoplastic disorders affecting the hematopoietic stem cell and its progeny. Except for myeloid metaplasia in which granulocytopenia may be present, myeloproliferative disorders in their chronic phase are not associated with increased incidence of infections. Granulocytosis with a shift to the left is a feature of the disease and should not be interpreted as an evidence of infection.
Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Published in Gloria H. Heppner, Amy M. Fulton, Macrophages and Cancer, 2019
When these conditioned media were assayed for authentic colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), a good correlation was seen between CSF-1 and colony number for some tumor lines, but not for others (Figure 2). This is not surprising as CSF-1 is specifically stimulatory to macrophages and we saw both macrophage and granulocyte colonies formed. Interestingly, lines 410.4 and 168, in which no relationship was seen for the two activities, were reported to induce granulocytosis by Thomas et al.97 Thus, the colony-stimulating activities for these tumor lines are more likely to be due to other CSF species such as CSF-GM (granulocyte macrophage), which stimulates both macrophages and granulocytes.100
Leukocytosis induced by tigecycline in two patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2021
X Li, L Li, T Liu, X Hai, B Sun
The two cases have some similar features. Both were diagnosed with hypertrigyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis, and share the same age-band, aetiology, disease presentation and progression and pathological process. The leukocytosis is occurred within a week of receiving tigecycline, and cannot be explained by primary infection or other drugs. The main mechanism which may induce leukocytosis is unclear and the three possible explanations. Firstly, minocycline can induce neutrophil movement from bone marrow into the circulation and causes leukocytosis [7,10]. Since tigecycline and minocycline are both tetracycline derivatives, they share similar structural formula. They may induce similar hypersensitivities. The possible mechanism is that neutrophils in the peripheral pool are rapidly mobilized through the accelerated blood flow after the stimulation of tigecycline. The granulocytes are released from the bone marrow storage pool, which increase the number of neutrophils entering the blood from the storage pool and reduce the outflow of neutrophils from the circulation pool. Secondly, the effective myelogenous granulocytosis is activated by tigecycline. The leucocyte exudation in the small blood vessels is decreased and the life span of granulocytes is prolonged. Finally, the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated with emphasis on the potential role of genetic susceptibility.
Botryosphaeran Attenuates Tumor Development and the Cancer Cachexia Syndrome in Walker-256 Tumor-Bearing Obese Rats and Improves the Metabolic and Hematological Profiles of These Rats
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Patrícia K. Comiran, Mariana C. Ribeiro, John H. G. Silva, Kamila O. Martins, Izabella A. Santos, Ana Emilia F. Chiaradia, Amadeu Z. Silva, Robert F. H. Dekker, Aneli M. Barbosa-Dekker, Pâmela Alegranci, Eveline A. I. F. Queiroz
Analyzing the leucogram, rat groups CT, CTB, OT and OTB were found to present the condition of leukocytosis. The control groups (CT and CTB) presented granulocytosis and monocytosis, suggesting an inflammatory response. On the otherhand, the OT and OTB groups presented granulocytosis, lymphocytosis and monocytosis, suggesting an adaptive immune response. Furthermore, obesity was found to contribute to a higher count of WBC (white blood cells), neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, demonstrating that the higher tumor development in the obese groups probably contributed to a major recruitment of immune cells to battle against the tumor. Also, in the obesity condition, the accumulation of adipose tissue and higher levels of free fatty acids contribute to lipid deposition in multiple organs leading to an increase in lymphocytes in the obese rats (24). Botryosphaeran was effective in potentializing the activation of the immune system significantly increasing the quantity of lymphocytes in the OTB group when compared with OT group (Table 4).
B cell lymphoma progression promotes the accumulation of circulating Ly6Clo monocytes with immunosuppressive activity
Published in OncoImmunology, 2018
Sara J. McKee, Zewen K. Tuong, Takumi Kobayashi, Brianna L. Doff, Megan SF Soon, Michael Nissen, Pui Yeng Lam, Colm Keane, Frank Vari, Davide Moi, Roberta Mazzieri, Graham Leggatt, Maher K. Gandhi, Stephen R. Mattarollo
The significance of Gr-MDSC in prognosis of B-NHLs is less clear than for Mo-MDSC cells, largely because some studies have shown that high neutrophil numbers at diagnosis represents a poor prognostic factor for clinical outcome in patients with DLBCL,40,41 whilst others show no such association.26 Although we observed significant granulocytosis in Eu-myc tumor-bearing mice, depletion of these cells did not impact on tumor growth in this setting.