China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Mindfulness and Meditation Practices
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Research suggests that living with such presence: Optimizes telomerase levels, which repairs and maintains ends of chromosomes.Reduces cardiovascular risk factors.Reduces inflammation by altering epigenetic regulation of the inflammatory response.Reduces the stress response.Enhances immune function.Cultivates more integration in the brain, yielding more functional regulation of such processes as emotion, attention, and behavior (Siegel, 2018).
A diabetic patient with a leg ulcer
Published in Tim French, Terry Wardle, The Problem-Based Learning Workbook, 2022
The important principle of treatment is secondary prevention to reduce the patient’s cardiovascular risk (Ml/stroke). Improvement in claudication symptoms may occur as a secondary phenomenon as collateral supply develops.
Palliative Care for Adults
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Christopher M. Wilson, Amy J. Litterini
Until diagnosed with a life-threatening disease or disorder, all individuals have the opportunity to make health and lifestyle changes as they relate to reducing disease risk. It is not a novel concept that inadvisable health behaviors lead to shorter and less active lives, with increased chronic disease. Cardiovascular risk factors include behaviors such as unhealthy diet, unfavorable cholesterol/lipid profile, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and tobacco/nicotine/alcohol use, all of which directly contribute to increased risk of morbidity and mortality.27 There is a growing body of research further establishing the relationship between physical inactivity and cancer risk.28 Regardless of disease risk, aging is the condition that will affect all individuals, and with it comes the predictable age-related changes which exercise and healthy behaviors can proactively mitigate.
Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis: the evidence to date
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2022
Ali A. Rizvi, Djordje S. Popovic, Nikolaos Papanas, Anca Pantea Stoian, Wael Al mahmeed, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Andrej Janez, Manfredi Rizzo
Although proper and comprehensive cardiovascular risk prevention is available, a considerable amount of residual risk exists and a large proportion of patients continue to suffer from major cardiovascular events. This has led research to identify new risk biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic approaches. In this context, the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein AI ratio, a surrogate of dyslipidemia, had the highest calculated population attributable risk, thus suggesting that blood lipid represent the leading risk factor for acute myocardial infarction [17]. The lowering of LDL-C and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins reduces the risk of future cardiovascular events [18]. Beyond LDL, low concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are also associated with increased cardiovascular risk [19] and, in recent years, it has became evident that subjects with a specific form of dyslipidemia, the so-called lipid triad or atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype, are those exposed to much higher risk [20,21]; this type of dyslipidemia is constituted by three plasma lipid alterations, namely high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and increased levels of atherogenic small, dense LDL.
Evogliptin for the treatment option for type 2 diabetes: an update of the literature
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2022
Ping Zou, Mingxing Guo, Jingbo Hu
Patients with T2D have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the control of cardiovascular risk factors is important to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients. The cardiovascular safety of DPP-4 inhibitors has been demonstrated in various studies with virtually no cardiovascular events (with the exception of saxagliptin and alogliptin). In the outcome study of the cardiovascular safety of evogliptin, two cases of corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation were observed in the first phase of the study. Different DPP-4 inhibitors may have different effects on the QT interval, and overdose of sitagliptin prolongs the QT interval [51]. Whereas linagliptin has no effect on the QT interval, and such effect may require further study to elucidate [52]. However, recent studies have shown that evogliptin may have potential cardioprotective effects, protecting against the progression of atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation [53]. By improving TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation through the interaction of NF-κB with SIRT1 (Sirtuin-1), evogliptin also suppresses inflammation in endothelial cells by inhibiting TNF-α-induced adhesion molecules. One population-based cohort study collecting data from 2014 to 2018 reported that compared with glimepiride, evogliptin treatment did not increase the risks of the primary outcome (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.95), including cerebrovascular events, myocardial infarction, heart failure, transient ischemic attack, and angina pectoris [54].
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2013–2018
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2022
ChenChen Wang, ZuoLing Xie, Xi Huang, Zheng Wang, HaiYan ShangGuan, ShaoHua Wang
Five classic cardiovascular risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, being overweight or obese, and smoking. Dyslipidaemia was defined as elevated T-CHO, low HDL-C, elevated LDL-C or elevated TG. Elevated T-CHO was defined as serum T-CHO level ≥4.5 mmol/L. Low HDL-C was defined as serum HDL-C ≤ 1.0 mmol/L level in males or ≤1.3 mmol/L level in females. Elevated LDL-C was defined as serum LDL-C level ≥1.8 mmol/L or ≥2.6 mmol/L in patients with CHD or without CHD. Elevated triglyceride level (TG) was defined as serum TG level ≥1.7 mmol/L. Underweight was defined as a BMI < 20.0 kg/m2, whereas overweight and obesity were defined as a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 and ≥30.0 kg/m2, respectively. Failure to achieve the goal of HbA1c control was defined as a serum HbA1c level of ≥7%. Hypoglycaemia in diabetes patients was defined as a blood glucose level of ≤3.9 mmol/L.