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Plant-Based Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Colorectal cancer is screened for in the United States via an annual fecal occult blood test, fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and FIT-DNA (multitarget stool DNA test); with colonoscopy starting at the age of 45 and repeated every 5 years if no positive findings occur; or with flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. If colorectal cancer is found through symptoms, typically the tumor is in a more advanced stage. The staging of colorectal cancer provides the physician with a framework for a treatment plan.
Collaborative Improvement of Cancer Services in Southeastern Sweden
Published in Paul Batalden, Tina Foster, Sustainably Improving Health Care, 2022
Johan Thor, Charlotte Lundgren, Paul Batalden, Boel Andersson Gäre, Göran Henriks, Rune Sjödahl, Felicia Gabrielsson Järhult
While the American College of Gastroenterology argues that colonoscopy “is the preferred method of screening for colorectal cancer [and] considers colonoscopy the ‘gold standard’ for colorectal screening,”25 Sweden has not (yet) adopted general screening for colorectal cancer by way of regular colonoscopies because of skepticism about the evidence base, safety, and cost-effectiveness of such screening programs.26 Concerns over the health-care system’s capacity to perform sufficient numbers of colonoscopies have also influenced the policy. Plans have been considered for over a decade (but not adopted) to introduce population-based screening with fecal occult blood testing, with tests disseminated and returned through regular mail, in peak incidence age groups. A clinical trial of such an approach is currently underway elsewhere in Sweden. National policy may change depending on the findings from this trial, and scientific advances elsewhere.
Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Colonoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with a clinical history suggestive of colon cancer. This procedure permits biopsy for pathologist confirmation of malignancy. Virtual colonoscopy uses CT to generate 2D and 3D images of the colon. This test may be good for people who cannot tolerate or are unwilling to have an endoscopic colonoscopy. A colonoscopy should be done every 10 years. However, if a patient has a family history, with a first-degree relative having had colon cancer before the age of 60, a colonoscopy should be done every 5 years starting at age 40 – or every 10 years. When a fecal occult blood test is positive, a colonoscopy is required. A colonoscopy is also required after a lesion is seen in an imaging study or during sigmoidoscopy. All lesions are completely removed and examined.
Cronkhite-Canada syndrome: a retrospective analysis of four cases at a single medical center
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Xing Yu, Chengdang Wang, Mi Wang, Yinchen Wu, Linlin Zhang, Qinyu Yang, Long Chen
Laboratory examination results are listed in Table 1. Fecal occult blood test results were positive in all the patients. Serum albumin (ALB) decreased in three patients, of which two were significantly lower (14.3 and 20.6 g/L, respectively) and one was slightly lower (36.4 g/L). Hemoglobin (HGB) was slightly lower than normal in two patients (118 g/L and 124 g/L). Electrolyte disturbances (serum potassium, sodium, or calcium) were present in two patients. The C-reactive protein (CRP) level was elevated in one patient. One patient was weakly positive for anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA). One patient was positive for Ro-52 antibody. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA), antineutrophil antibody (ANCA) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were normal in all the patients.
A case of meropenem-induced liver injury and jaundice
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Szeya Cheung, Jennifer Bulovic, Ajish Pillai, Trehan Manoj, Katriyar Neeraj
An 83-year-old female with a medical history of hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of dark color stools. Patient had no prior history of gastrointestinal (GI) bleed; she denied fever, abdominal pain, jaundice or weight loss. Her home medications include metformin and lisinopril. Patient was afebrile; initial vital signs were significant for sinus tachycardia and blood pressure was 150/72 mmHg. Physical examination revealed dark color stool on rectal exam. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Initial laboratory studies were significant for a white blood cell count of 15.2 mm3, lactic acid 3.8 mmol/L, hemoglobin 7.3 g/dL and hematocrit 31%. Liver enzymes and bilirubin level were within normal limits. Urinalysis, chest radiograph and influenza viral testing were negative. Computed tomography (CT) scan of abdomen without contrast was unremarkable. The patient was admitted for acute anemia and sepsis of unknown origin. While a septic workup was undertaken, the patient received two units of packed red blood cell transfusion, intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation and was started on broad spectrum antibiotic with IV meropenem 500 milligrams every eight hours. Post-transfusion hemoglobin was 9.4 g/dL and remained stable. No further episode of dark stool was reported. Fecal occult blood testing was negative. Blood cultures showed no growth after two days of incubation.
An unusual case of fungal ball on implantable cardioverter defibrillator wire and literature review
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Hiba Rauf, Waqas Ullah, Sohaib Roomi, Asrar Ahmad, Yasar Sattar, Zain Ali, Neethu Gopisetti
The laboratory studies revealed his Hb was 10.5, leukocytosis of 20,000 with platelet count of 26,000. His blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 54 and creatinine was 1.47. Hepatic function panel revealed aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 113, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of 122, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of 215 and albumin of 2.9. His lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was also elevated. Coagulation profile was normal. Urinalysis was positive for leukocyte esterase, WBC and RBC. RBC indices and iron studies were suggestive of anemia of chronic disease. The stool examination was positive for fecal occult blood. The chest radiographs and electrocardiographic findings were normal. Urine culture reports came back positive for Candida with over 100 K colonies/ml. The blood was sent for cultures twice and was found positive for Candida Albicans.