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Collaborative Improvement of Cancer Services in Southeastern Sweden
Published in Paul Batalden, Tina Foster, Sustainably Improving Health Care, 2022
Johan Thor, Charlotte Lundgren, Paul Batalden, Boel Andersson Gäre, Göran Henriks, Rune Sjödahl, Felicia Gabrielsson Järhult
So, without population-based screening, what might clinicians in the southeastern region do to detect colorectal cancers as early as possible? A group of four nurses and four family physicians (FPs), with support from the primary care research and development unit in Jönköping, took on this question from their vantage point, seeking to develop ways to optimize the chance of early detection. One challenge in primary care is to distinguish signs and symptoms of cancer from the “noise” of much more common and benign causes. In a population-based survey,27 respondents reported the following incidence of symptoms potentially indicative of colon cancer over the preceding 3 months: feeling tired (35.8%); stomach pain (23.6%); diarrhea (10.0%); constipation (5.8%); poor appetite (5.3%). With an incidence of three cases per 10 000 residents, a Swedish FP will, on average, come across one patient with colorectal cancer once every 3 years. The group developed the “Stålhammar Score”28 to manage this challenge. In short, patients aged 50 years or over who seek care with certain symptoms – for example, “subileus (intermittent, increasing abdominal pain)” – are considered high risk and are seen within 3 days by their FP who initiates the assessment and refers the patient to the department of surgery where the remaining diagnostic workup is expediently coordinated.
Do I Have IBS?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
Colorectal cancer (or colon cancer) occurs when cells in the large intestine start to multiply in an out-of-control way. Usually, the tumors begin as polyps – little bumps or growths inside the lining of the large intestine. Most polyps are benign. They usually don’t cause symptoms and are not dangerous. But, sometimes, polyps become cancerous over time. The symptoms of colon cancer vary and depend on the location and size of the tumor and whether cancer has metastasized (or spread) to other parts of the body, such as the liver. If the tumor is close to the anus, there may be a change in bowel habits – either diarrhea or constipation. If the tumor begins to block the flow of stools (called a bowel obstruction), the patient may experience abdominal pain, constipation, and/or vomiting. There may also be evidence of blood in the stools. The single best way to diagnose colon cancer is with a colonoscopy. If caught early, colon cancer is almost always curable. The American Gastroenterological Association advises people who have no risk factors to be tested starting at age 50, while people with a family history of colon cancer should have their first colonoscopy at age 40, or ten years before the age that their relative got cancer, whichever comes first. If you are struggling with GI symptoms, a colonoscopy can certainly bring peace of mind if it rules out this potentially fatal disease, but if you are under 50 and have no family history of colon cancer, it’s probably not worth doing, unless your doctor suspects an inflammatory bowel disease.
Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Colonoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with a clinical history suggestive of colon cancer. This procedure permits biopsy for pathologist confirmation of malignancy. Virtual colonoscopy uses CT to generate 2D and 3D images of the colon. This test may be good for people who cannot tolerate or are unwilling to have an endoscopic colonoscopy. A colonoscopy should be done every 10 years. However, if a patient has a family history, with a first-degree relative having had colon cancer before the age of 60, a colonoscopy should be done every 5 years starting at age 40 – or every 10 years. When a fecal occult blood test is positive, a colonoscopy is required. A colonoscopy is also required after a lesion is seen in an imaging study or during sigmoidoscopy. All lesions are completely removed and examined.
L. reuteri JMR-01 adjuvant 12C6+ irradiation exerts anti-colon carcinoma effects by modulating the gut microbiota in mice
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Jin Bai, Shuyang Wang, Fuqiang Xu, Miaoyin Dong, Junkai Wang, Xisi Sun, Guoqing Xiao
Colon cancer is among the top three most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of death worldwide (Rooks and Garrett 2016). At present, numerous therapeutic options of colon cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. These treatment methods could significantly improve the survival rate of patients with colon cancer, while causing obvious side effects such as nausea, vomiting, inflammatory enteritis and so on, which will affect patients quality of life (Wu 2018; Eslami et al. 2019). Therefore, the safe, economic and effective treatments are urgently needed for colon carcinoma. Over the past few decades, studies have demonstrated the association of colon cancer with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (Drago 2019; Asadollahi et al. 2020; Song et al. 2020). Thus, modulating gut microbiota has been viewed as a promising target for treating digestive diseases, especially colon cancer (Zheng et al. 2020).
CRCBaSe: a Swedish register-based resource for colorectal adenocarcinoma research
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2023
Caroline E. Weibull, Sol Erika Boman, Bengt Glimelius, Ingvar Syk, Peter Matthiessen, Karin E. Smedby, Caroline Nordenvall, Anna Martling
Table 2 shows some of the most important clinical and tumor characteristics for the CRC patients according to their first recorded diagnosis, stratified on localization (and for rectal cancer also on calendar period of diagnosis: 1995–2006/2007–2016). In 2007, colon cancer was added to the register, the number of registered variables increased substantially, and the name of the register was changed to SCRCR. The distribution of colon and rectal cancer across all years was similar, with 39,132 (51%) first colon and 37,699 (49%) first rectal cancers, whereas during the years where both tumor locations were included (2007–2016), the majority was colon cancers (67%). Among colon cancer patients, the stage distribution was 42% stage I–II, 27% stage III, and 26% stage IV. For rectal cancer patients diagnosed 2007–2016, stage was distributed as 42%, 23%, and 24% for stage I–II, III, and IV, respectively.
Gnetum montanum extract induces apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of AKT in SW480 human colon cancer cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Xianglong Pan, Xiaotao Hou, Fan Zhang, Peiling Tang, Wanruo Wan, Zixia Su, Yeguo Yang, Wei Wei, Zhengcai Du, Jiagang Deng, Erwei Hao
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancers with higher incident and mortality rate around the world. In 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) documented that approximately 1.15 million of new CRC cases (which is about 10% of all types of cancers) and >570,000 of CRC-related deaths (which is about 9.4% of all cancer-related deaths) were reported worldwide (Jung et al. 2020; Sung et al. 2021). Colon cancer is a malignant tumour grows from the epithelium mucosal crypts of the large intestine (Iqbal and George 2017). Gene mutations (such as adenomatous polyposis (APC), deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), K-Ras, p53, B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), mismatch repair gene) and microsatellite instability are the common factors that led to the development of colon cancer (Ahmed 2020; Benson et al. 2021). The common treatments of colon cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy. Although the present diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have greatly been improved, the prognosis of colon cancer remains poor (Binefa et al. 2014; Li et al. 2021). The therapeutic drugs used to treat malignant tumours include chemo drugs, new technology drugs, and natural drugs. Research in exploring the novel natural compounds that can modulate apoptosis pathway of cancer cells for new drug development is intensively on-going. Various traditional plants with known medicinal properties are widely studied over the past decades (Hou et al. 2016; Aiello et al. 2019).