China
Africa
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Surveillance and Control Programs for Cestode Diseases
Published in Max J. Miller, E. J. Love, Parasitic Diseases: Treatment and Control, 2020
Data have been collected in central North America to indicate the parasite is increasing its range and prevalence. The diagnosis of a human case of alveolar hydatid disease in Minnesota in 1977 stimulated considerable interest in defining the local host range, prevalence, and geographic extent of E. multilocularis infection in local animal hosts.23 We now know that this focus involves three Canadian provinces and nine states of the U.S. in animal hosts, including red foxes, coyotes, deer mice, and field voles.17,24,25 The availability of suitable hosts and lack of ecological barriers in areas adjacent to this expanding focus present a potential for further spread.
Antiparasitic Drugs
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
Albendazole is also useful as adjunctive medical therapy for alveolar hydatid disease due to E. multilocularis and may be effective against infection with E. vogeli (42,43). In infection with either E. granulosus or E. multilocularis, however, the response to albendazole occurs only after many months. Furthermore, in most treated patients the cystic lesions do not resolve completely, although they cease to enlarge (44). Thus, when feasible, surgical excision of echinococcal cysts remains the definitive therapy and albendazole should be administered in conjunction with surgery or to patients who are not candidates for surgery.
Imaging of infectious and inflammatory cystic lesions of the brain, a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Anna Cervantes-Arslanian, Hector H Garcia, Otto Rapalino
Echinococcus is found worldwide in most pastoral areas with prevalence in certain endemic rural areas (Argentina, Peru, Central Asia, China, East Africa) of 5–10% [22]. The most common clinical manifestation is liver and lung cysts with neurologic involvement in less than 5% [23]. The larval stage of the cestode genus Echinococcus is responsible for the formation of intracranial hydatid cysts. E. granulosus (cystic hydatid disease) is characterized by solitary, large, and unilocular, cysts without much surrounding edema. E. multilocularis (alveolar hydatid disease) causes multiple clusters of small cysts with significant edematous reaction [20]. Patients may present with seizures and intracranial hypertension. Symptoms tend to be more severe with E. multilocularis.
Causes of AA amyloidosis: a systematic review
Published in Amyloid, 2020
Anne Floor Brunger, Hans L. A. Nienhuis, Johan Bijzet, Bouke P. C. Hazenberg
A causal relation between a disease and AA amyloidosis can be proven in animal studies in reproducible settings, such as subcutaneous inflammation in mice [22] or hamsters [23], alveolar hydatid disease in mice [24], Opisthorchis viverrini infection in hamsters [25] and Enterococcus faecalis infection in chickens [26]. Such a direct causal relation cannot be established in human beings. From a clinical perspective causality can be assumed because of overwhelming evidence in the literature on the development of AA amyloidosis in some inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, the question of coincidence rises in single cases of rare inflammatory diseases that have been found together with AA amyloidosis. Causality becomes more plausible if at least two different cases with AA amyloidosis are both found to be suffering from the same rare inflammatory disease. Causality is also highly likely in cases with AA amyloidosis where organ damage reverses dramatically and continuously for years after successfully treating the underlying disease.