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Obesity
Published in S Paige Hertweck, Maggie L Dwiggins, Clinical Protocols in Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 2022
Angie Hamouie, Maggie L. Dwiggins
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (see Chapter 39, “PCOS”)Even if uncertain that patient has true diagnosis of PCOS, treatment is warrantedUse of combination oral contraceptive pills to regulate menses and normalize androgens can be effective
Polycystic ovarian syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and obesity in pregnancy
Published in Nadia Barghouthi, Jessica Perini, Endocrine Diseases in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period, 2021
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)PCOS is common in women and characterized by androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries.Treatment varies depending on individual patient goals.Many women with PCOS also have metabolic syndrome and obesity which may lead to difficulty conceiving. Weight loss may be pursued to induce ovulation and to aid in successful conception.Certain medications for treatment of PCOS may need to be discontinued when becoming pregnant.Women with PCOS are at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) so early screening is recommended.
Metabolic Effects of Exercise on Childhood Obesity
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Kristi B. Adamo, Taniya S. Nagpal, Danilo F. DaSilva
Insulin resistance is associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and the prevalence of PCOS is higher among girls who have obesity (19). The combination of PCOS and insulin resistance increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, it is known that weight loss, independent of exercise, can decrease the hyperandrogenaemia commonly observed in PCOS (59). As exercise is a useful method to manage weight, including sustaining weight loss, exercise may be an effective prescription for girls who have PCOS (59). Weekly dance classes in overweight girls at risk of PCOS improved waist circumference, triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome severity. Forty per cent of the girls improved free testosterone levels after 6 months of intervention (59). Long-term exercise routines (∼5 years) can protect against the occurrence of PCOS in adolescent and adult women, and moderate-intensity physical activity is particularly helpful in avoiding subsequent PCOS (107).
Downregulated lncRNA HOTAIR ameliorates polycystic ovaries syndrome via IGF-1 mediated PI3K/Akt pathway
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2023
Chunyue Chen, Xuejuan Jiang, Caifei Ding, Xin Sun, Lingyi Wan, Chenye Wang
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and endocrine disorder in gynecology and is predominantly manifested with hyperandrogenism, follicular dysplasia, aberrant ovarian function as well as insulin resistance clinically [1]. It is estimated that the incidence of PCOS is 5–20% in women of childbearing age, and approximately 74% of patients with PCOS experienced infertility [2]. PCOS-induced infertility can accentuate patients’ psychological disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems, which will ultimately result in metabolic syndrome [3], type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [4], obesity [5], and cerebrovascular diseases [6]. In addition, epidemiologic studies have shown that women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer (odds ratio: 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1–5.9) [7]. At present, the most widely used drugs for PCOS therapy are clomiphene (CC) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa); however, the effects of CC and GnRHa are not ideal (ovulation, pregnancy, and miscarriage rates are 50%, 23.9%, and 25.8%, respectively) [8]. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of PCOS and identifying novel therapeutic targets for PCOS are crucial for improving PCOS patients’ outcomes.
Continuum of Symptoms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Links with Sexual Behavior and Unrestricted Sociosexuality
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2021
Rebecca Tzalazidis, Kirsten A. Oinonen
The Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Questionnaire (PCOSQ) (Pedersen, Brar, Faris, & Corenblum, 2007) is the only published screening tool for PCOS. It focuses on symptoms of clinical hyperandrogenism and assesses four common PCOS symptoms: history of long or variable menses, hirsutism (i.e., dark coarse hair growth), history of obesity, and nipple discharge that is exclusive of pregnancy or breastfeeding. The PCOSQ may be useful to researchers examining the full continuum of PCOS symptoms, hyperandrogenism, or subclinical symptoms of PCOS. As noted by Huddleston (2018), PCOS is a heterogenous disorder with a continuum of symptoms, and mild sub-clinical symptoms of PCOS exist in women who do not meet diagnostic criteria. Sjaarda et al. (2018) emphasized the need to examine PCOS symptoms in nonclinical populations and report clinical implications of subclinical symptomatology (i.e., ovulatory insufficiency or lower reproductive function).
CYP1A1 gene (6235T<C) polymorphism as a risk factor for polycystic ovarian syndrome among Egyptian women
Published in Human Fertility, 2020
Nervana Bayoumy, Mohamed El-Shabrawi, Soha Younes, Khaled Atwa
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the major health problems affecting women in their reproductive life (Akgül, Derman, Alikaşifoğlu, & Aktaşş, 2011; Babu et al., 2004). It is considered the most common endocrine condition affecting women with a prevalence of 10–15% (Akgül et al., 2011). PCOS is a multi-factorial disease that affects many aspects of female health, including fertility, obesity and even psychological issues (Balen et al., 1995; Esinler et al., 2008; Goodarzi & Azziz, 2006; Hakkak et al., 2008). It is estimated that PCOS is responsible for 70% of the cases of anovulatory infertility and many factors including environmental and genetics are known to be associated with this health problem (King, Rotter, & Motulsky, 2002). The clinical presentation of PCOS ranges from asymptomatic polycystic ovaries to the full picture of the syndrome (Esinler et al., 2008).