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Metabolic Syndrome
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Cardiac risk factors with metabolic syndrome include hypertension, dyslipidemia, albuminuria, coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Metabolic syndrome is often associated with heart failure and peripheral artery disease. Dyslipidemia involves increased triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In various studies, age-adjusted mortality rates between metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease have ranged between 2.47 and 2.96 times higher than without metabolic syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular disease as well. Insulin resistance is positively correlated to atherosclerosis, a known cardiac risk factor.
Diabetes
Published in Sally Robinson, Priorities for Health Promotion and Public Health, 2021
In response to a high blood glucose level, the pancreas produces more insulin. Hyperinsulinemia means an abnormally high level of insulin in the blood. It is often caused by insulin resistance, but not always. Symptoms of hyperinsulinemia may include weight gainintense hungercravings for sugarfeeling frequently hungrydifficulty concentratingfatiguepoor concentration
Features of Lipid Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease
Published in E.I. Sokolov, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus, 2020
According to modern concepts, insulin acts physiologically on biochemical processes by means of receptors, which are sections of a cell membrane with a genetically caused molecular structural affinity for insulin. Morphologically, they are integral components of the cell membranes. The insulin receptors in various organs and tissues have a universal structure. The striking similarity of the insulin receptors in cells of adipose tissue, muscles, and the liver is noted. It is very interesting that a physical load affects the number of insulin receptors of erythrocytes and other cells. Similar changes probably occur in the cells of the muscle tissue, and in this connection the oxidation of glucose is enhanced in veloergometry. It was noted in experiments with animals that in genetically caused obesity with the presence of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, the number of insulin receptors in the myocardium muscle, liver, and adipose tissue diminishes. Similar changes are noted in patients with obesity and hyperinsulinemia. It was proved that the concentration of the receptors in the lipocytes and erythrocytes lowers in them [110, 133, 132, 141, 205, 280, 289].
The Association of Empirical Dietary Index for Hyperinsulinemia with the Risk of Cancer and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Hamid Ahmadirad, Farshad Teymoori, Reyhane Nateghi, Arman Shabanian, Parvin Mirmiran
Similar to the findings of II and I.L. with cancer mortality (36), a dietary pattern with a higher EDIH score showed a significant positive relationship with cancer mortality in this meta-analysis. Our findings had also been approved in clinical studies that observed a direct link between serum hyperinsulinemia and mortality among the diabetic or healthy population (13, 14, 48–50). Previous studies also assessed the serum C-peptides-cancer mortality relationship (51–53). A study among participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) observed that serum C-peptide compared to all other glycemic markers was independently associated with lung cancer mortality in woman (53). Such an association was reported with serum C-peptide and prostate cancer mortality in non-diabetic (52) and all cancer mortality in diabetic patients (51).
Myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Devi Nallappan, Kien Chai Ong, Uma Devi Palanisamy, Kek Heng Chua, Umah Rani Kuppusamy
Hyperglycaemia is associated with high blood glucose level and insulin resistance. A clear indication of hyperinsulinemia upon prolonged high-fat diet consumption was observed in the present study as reported previously (Martins et al. 2018). Meanwhile, the oral administration of MD exhibited the preventative efficacy of hyperinsulinemia. In this study, the antihyperglycemic efficacy of MD could be possibly attributed to improved glucose intake and high insulin sensitivity in insulin-responsive cells. Our previous in vitro studies using 3T3-L1 cells showed that myricetin derivatives from S. malaccense exhibited insulin-like property by facilitating high glucose uptake with upregulation of adiponectin, solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter (Slc2a4/GLUT4), protein kinase B (Akt1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and protein kinase, AMP-activated (PRKAG2). Therefore, it is pertinent to suggest that MD was able to prevent hyperglycaemia by reducing insulin resistance in the mice fed HFD through a similar mechanism (Arumugam et al. 2016).
Prevalence and related factors of hyperuricaemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Jiahuan Rao, Peiyu Ye, Jie Lu, Bi Chen, Nan Li, Huiying Zhang, Hui Bo, Xinchun Chen, Huiting Liu, Chunhong Zhang, Hua Wei, Qin Wu, Yinkun Yan, Changgui Li, Jie Mi
Consistent with previous findings, our study found that obesity was associated with increased risk of hyperuricaemia in children and adolescents. Previous studies have reported that the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 17.1% in 2010 to 22.5% in 2014 [34]. In addition, the prevalence of obesity in children in the north is significantly higher than that in the south [35], and similar results were found in our study (23.3% in the north vs. 11.7% in the south) (Supplemental Table 5). The regional difference in obesity prevalence may partly explain the finding that hyperuricaemia was more prevalent in North. Obesity is thought to be the cause of hyperinsulinemia, and the physiological mechanisms mainly involve dysregulation of lipid, insulin resistance, inflammation and adipokines imbalance [36–38]. Therefore, maintaining the ideal weight or guiding obese children to lose weight is conducive to reduce the risk of hyperuricaemia.