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The endocrine system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Endocrine pathology is a rapidly moving field where recent advances in molecular pathology have contributed knowledge about the origins of many diseases and provided additional tools to help stratify disease and guide treatment.
Endocrinology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
Mehul Dattani, Catherine Peters
The bone age is usually delayed, as is the dentition. Investigations should initially be performed to exclude non-endocrine pathology (e.g. renal and coeliac disease). The concentration of insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-I and its binding protein (IGF-BP3) may be low in GHD/GHI as these are GH-dependent factors, but the sensitivities and specificities of these tests in isolation are poor. A skeletal age may be delayed.
General physical examination
Published in Fazal-I-Akbar Danish, Essential Lists of Differential Diagnoses for MRCP with diagnostic hints, 2017
Striking facial appearance:1 CNS pathology (parkinsonism; Huntington’s chorea; bilateral UMN lesion d/t MND, myasthenia gravis, cerebrovascular disease).2 Endocrine pathology (acromegaly; hyper- or hypothyroidism; Cushing’s syndrome).
A practical approach to the management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Costanzo Moretti, Natalia Lazzarin, Elena Vaquero, Alessandro Dal Lago, Luisa Campagnolo, Herbert Valensise
Thyroid nodules are the most frequent endocrine pathology among women with an incidence of 4 -5%. Only 5% of the nodules are malignant, mostly differentiated papillary carcinomas with good prognosis. Pregnancy does not interfere with the natural course of the thyroid cancer with no indications to interrupt the gestation. Nonetheless, in high-risk cases, laboratory and instrumental investigations with cytological characterization of the nodule are recommended The surgical removal of a suspicious lesion can be performed without risk for the fetus [57,58]. An accurate family history is, therefore, essential to exclude rare condition, such as familial medullary carcinoma, the multiple endocrine neoplasm type 2 (MEN2) and the family papillary carcinoma. In addition, family syndromes must be excluded for the predisposition for thyroid cancer, the disease of Cowden and the Carney complex, a rare syndrome characterized by skin lesions associated with endocrine tumors.
Avoiding the night terrors: the effect of circadian rhythm on post-operative urine output and blood pressure in free flap patients
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Bara El-khayat, Deborah Foong, James Baden, Robert Warner, George Filobbos
Retrospective case note analysis of 116 patients with free tissue transfer. Patients had free flaps for breast reconstruction or isolated lower limb trauma. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, renal pathology or any endocrine pathology were excluded from the study. Patients with multiple injuries or BMI more than 30 were also excluded from the study. Case notes were studied for age, gender, type of free flap (i.e. trauma or breast reconstruction) and complications (flap loss and need to return to theatre for salvage). Records assessed for UO, BP, MAP, IV fluid infusion rate and oral fluid intake. Parameters were measured from 8 pm to 8 am (nocturnal) and from 8 am to 8 pm (diurnal) in the first 48 h post operatively. The first set of measurements was taken starting 8 pm on the day of the surgery. Our standard practice is to prescribe 125 ml/hr of Hartmann’s solution in the first 12 h post operatively. This infusion rate is then titrated according to patients’ urine output, blood pressure and oral fluid intake. MAP was calculated using this formula: systolic blood pressure+ 2(diastolic blood pressure)/3. We used MedCalc® statistical software to calculate paired student t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient and p values.
Serum betatrophin levels are significantly increased in obese patients compared to lean patients regardless to the presence of PCOS
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Betul Keyif, Hale Goksever Celik, Burcin Karamustafaoglu Balci, Merve Mehves Celebi, Selin Ozaltin, Ozguc Takmaz, Faruk Buyru, Ercan Baştu
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine pathology in women of reproductive age. PCOS leads to metabolic disorders; the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, and the susceptibility to diabetes mellitus is increased in patients with PCOS. Most of the studies that have investigated the role of betatrophin in humans, are particularly in the context of obesity. In literature, there are few studies which aimed to evaluate the association between betatrophin and PCOS [6,7].