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What Do the Heart Arteries Do When They Are Damaged? The Infinite Insults and Finite Responses in CHD
Published in Mark C Houston, The Truth About Heart Disease, 2023
In conclusion, inflammation is due to white blood cells, called T cells and B cells, that attack invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other insults to contain, remove, and kill them. The redness, swelling, and pain that you would see on your skin after a burn, a cut, or an infection with a bacteria or other pathogen is inflammation. This same response occurs in the coronary arteries and causes CHD. Acute and chronic inflammation with abnormal vascular immune responses and involvement of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and toll-like receptors (TLR) are definitely involved in CHD (Figure 6.7). The PRR and TLR are inflammation receptors that are on the surface of all the arteries. There are numerous inflammatory compounds that can be measured in the blood that are excellent markers for CHD.
Combustion and high pressure spray injury
Published in Peter Houpt, Hand Injuries in the Emergency Department, 2023
Estimate the depth and extent of the burn. In partial thickness burns, there is a distinction between a superficial and deep dermal burn. In the case of superficial burn the skin is red, sometimes with blisters, there is a rapid capillary refill and the patient is in a lot of pain. This burn heals spontaneously within two weeks. A deep dermal injury shows a cloudy aspect of the skin, sometimes with blisters. The pain and capillary refill are moderate. This burn does not heal within two weeks and can lead to severe scars and contraction. Full thickness burns can have a white/yellow, reddish brown to black skin colour. The skin can be parchment-like. There is no sensibility and no capillary refill. Spontaneous healing is possible, but this can take months and is accompanied by disabling contractures.
Specific Emergency Conditions in Forced Displacement Settings
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Natalie Roberts, Halfdan Holger Knudsen, Alvin Sornum, Taha Al-Taei, Barbara Scoralick Villela, Maryam Omar, Faith Traeh, Abdulkarim Ekzayez, Clare Shortall, Eric Weerts
Minor and severe injuries from burns are a common presentation of displaced persons at all stages of migration. Common causes of burns include unsafe cooking practices, and the use of uncontrolled fires and indoor heaters for warming. Most cases are accidental; however, clinicians are reminded to be vigilant for cases of self-harm and harm to children and particularly vulnerable groups such as unaccompanied children and young people. Particularly in cases when there may be an unclear history or if the burn injury itself has suspicious features such as well-circumscribed burn injuries or symmetrical burns to extremities, and associated unrelated injuries such as fractures.
Efficacy of stromal vascular fraction and enzyme-free mechanical isolation therapy in experimental full thickness burn wounds
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Percin Karakol, Mehmet Bozkurt, Caner Gelbal, Mehmet Ibrahim Tuglu
Burn injuries are traumas that can happen anytime and anywhere and can affect anyone. Burn injuries can be caused by heat, cold, friction, radiation, electricity, and chemicals. However, most burn injuries are caused by heat [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 265,000 people worldwide die each year from burns [2]. Burn injuries cause lifelong physical and psychological injuries that affect the quality of life [3,4]. Burns is classically divided into three degrees: first-degree, affecting the superficial layer of the epidermis; second-degree, affecting the dermis; and third-degree, affecting the full-thickness skin and can even reach muscle and bone. Severe burns can affect almost all organs and cause serious morbidity and mortality. Therefore, treating serious burns is important, but the ideal treatment for severe burns has not been developed [5].
Cost-utility study of home-based cryotherapy device for wart treatment: a randomized, controlled, and investigator-blinded trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Nattanichcha Kulthanachairojana, Suthira Taychakhoonavudh, Kanokvalai Kulthanan, Sumanas Bunyaratavej, Sasima Eimpunth, Bawonpak Pongkittilar, Suthasanee Prasertsook, Supisara Wongdama, Charussri Leeyaphan
Regarding the treatment outcomes, 8 patients (72.7%) undergoing home-based cryotherapy achieved complete cure within 8 weeks. Three patients (27.3%) still had warts 12 weeks after treatment. With the in-hospital liquid nitrogen therapy group, 4 patients (50%) were completely cured within 8 weeks, and 1 (14.3%) achieved a complete cure at 12 weeks. However, another 3 patients (42.9%) were not cured at 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rates of the groups. Several side effects were observed: pain, redness, swelling, burns, blisters, hypopigmentation, and scarring. These adverse events occurred only slightly more frequently with home-based cryotherapy devices, and the difference was not statistically significant. All adverse events resolved spontaneously without medical attention (Table 3).
Elevated Serum Procalcitonin to Predict Severity and Prognosis of Extensive Burns
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Zhaoxing Liu, Dawei Li, Xinzhu Liu, Bohan Zhang, Yu Zang, Jinglong Ma, Wen Zhang, Yuezeng Niu, Chuanan Shen
A series of pathophysiological changes such as extensive skin injury, shock, severe stress response, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the early stage of burns lead to the imbalance of the body’s environmental homeostasis and severe damage to organ functions [1]. Severe burns progress rapidly, and if not effectively controlled, may further develop into sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction, with a high fatality rate [2]. The evaluation of the severity of burns is of great significance in formulating treatment protocols. However, in addition to the area and depth of the burn, the condition of burn patients is also related to many factors, such as the etiology of the injury, whether the early treatment is correct, whether there is a combined injury or poisoning, as well as age and pre-injury health, etc., making the injury and prognostic assessment more complicated [3, 4]. With better healthcare providers and improved therapeutics for burns, classification standards for burn severity should also be adapted to changes in various factors.