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Other Asphyxial Deaths
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Seon Jung Jang et al in 2013 reported a case of homicidal smothering of an adult wherein a hot steam towel was used as the smothering weapon, probably the only such case in forensic literature. The deceased had been a known case of psychiatric illness for which his mother and a pastoress had tried exorcism on him. He had been physically restrained and the hot steam towel had been kept on his face as part of the exorcism ritual. The autopsy revealed a scalding injury over his face and the cause of death was given as smothering.
Toxinology Emergencies
Published in Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan, Emergency Medicine, 2020
Anthony FT Brown, Michael D Cadogan
Poisonous fish Immerse the affected area in warm water at 40–45°C without scalding. If pain persists, perform a regional block with 2% lignocaine (lidocaine) and give morphine 5–10 mg i.v.Debride the wound, remove spines and give tetanus prophylaxis according to the patient's immune status.Systemic stonefish envenomation: give one vial (2000 units) of stonefish antivenom i.m. for every two puncture marks visible.
Heat, cold and electrical trauma
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
If only small quantities of hot liquid hit the skin, cooling will be rapid, which will reduce the amount of damage done to the skin. However, if clothing is soaked by hot fluid, the underlying skin may be badly affected, as the fabric will retain the hot liquid against the skin surface. Scalding is seen typically in industrial settings where steam pipes or boilers burst. It may also be seen in toddlers who pull kettles and saucepans down upon themselves by grabbing the handle of the vessel.
Assault burn injuries in adolescents and adults in South Africa: risk factors and characteristics
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2022
Ashley van Niekerk, Rajen Govender, David Kimemia
Regarding the causal agent, chemical burns were more than five times and scalding more than twice as likely to be the cause of a burn assault compared to flame burns. Chemicals are especially portable as weapons and can be used more readily in an assault. These may also be the preferred weapon, if the intention is for revenge (Abdulrasheed et al., 2014) or to mutilate and shame, but not to kill (Peck, 2012). The emphasis in the current study is furthermore of burn assaults to the head and neck, with the consequent facial disfigurement and in some instances blindness which would align to such motives of punishment. The use of chemicals in assaults may however also reflect the limited access to more lethal weapons such as firearms, as in South Africa where there has been increasingly stringent firearm legislation (Mayosi et al., 2009). In such instances the use of chemicals, especially where surprise is a key element, would therefore be sufficiently disabling to enable an attack for economic gain.
Sea urchin injuries: a review and clinical approach algorithm
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Ziv Schwartz, Marc Cohen, Shari R. Lipner
An algorithmic approach to workup and treatment is warranted to reduce the possibility of complications (Figure 4). Immediately after injury, treatment steps include pedicellariae removal, spine extraction, and immersion in hot water. These should occur in rapid sequence. In the rare event of an injury by a specie with pedicellariae, removal of the pincers is necessary since toxins continue to be secreted while attached. This can be achieved by irrigation and traction (3). Rapidly extractable spines should be removed at this time (2). Immersion in hot water (maintained at 110–115 F, or as hot as tolerable without scalding) should follow for a duration of 30–90 min to inactivate toxins and proteinaceous irritants (5). Some sources recommend mixing the water with vinegar in a 1:1 ratio (3). Any signs of severe systemic response, including hypotension and muscle weakness, should initiate transfer to a hospital setting for respiratory support. Alternative sources of injury should be ruled out since only about 80 (2) of more than 1000 species (49) of sea urchin are toxic. If the source of injury is not clear based on history and injury pattern, treatment for other marine envenomations should be considered, which may require limb pressure immobilization, local suction, antivenin, and respiratory support (5).
Feasibility and efficacy of microwave ablation for treating breast fibroadenoma
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Gang Liu, Yulu Zhang, Erwei Hu, Xiaoqing Fan, Qiaosheng Wu, Qiuyun Xiong, Zhihua Li
Clinical follow-up consisted of questionnaires, which were mainly in the form of telephone calls, through which it was assessed whether there were postoperative complications and these calls also included reminders for regular follow-ups, and ultrasonography. We categorized the cases into three groups based on key follow-up periods that included the MWA period and the periods of 1-6, 6-12, and >12 months, in order to observe changes in ultra-sonographic imaging. After the MWA, physical examination and conventional ultrasound imaging was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the procedure. Ultrasound examinations assisted in classification of blood flow patterns and determination of the lesion size. Blood flow classification was assessed by Color Doppler Flow Imaging. The patients were also asked about the presence of pain and nipple discharge at each follow-up. Post-intervention complications, including pricking, skin scalding, local erythema and swelling, and fat liquefaction, were also evaluated and recorded for each lesion.