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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Sunburn involves a different damage mechanism, quite distinct from thermal burns. Thermal burns are caused by excess infrared (IR) exposure, which can penetrate deeply by conduction. Sunburn is caused by excess ultraviolet (UV) exposure, which does not penetrate the skin deeply or create much heat. UV exposure damages dermal cellular organelles and DNA, causing inflammation. Strong ultraviolet sources other than sunlight can also cause skin damage. Overexposure to a welding arc results in a type of UV burn that appears similar to sunburn, though the distribution over the skin is different. Like welder's burns, overexposure to UV reflecting off snow causes corneal photokeratitis (“snow blindness”) and can damage anatomy not usually affected by sunburn, such as the roof of the mouth or the interior of the nostrils.11
The Medicolegal Autopsy
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
Thermal burns of the skin are caused by direct flame, dry/radiant heat, moist/scalding heat, electromagnetic energy or microwaves, or electricity resulting in varying degrees of damage to the layers of skin and underlying tissues. The degree of skin damage is a function of temperature and length of time of contact with heat, whereby high temperatures applied over a short time period will cause significant damage, as would lower temperatures applied over a longer period of time.
Plastic Surgery
Published in Gozie Offiah, Arnold Hill, RCSI Handbook of Clinical Surgery for Finals, 2019
Aetiology➣ Most thermal burns are caused by a flame, boiling water or contact with hot objects, e.g. hot stove➣ Chemical burns are much less common and most often occur with Industrial chemicals, e.g. splashes or inhalation of fumesHousehold chemicals, e.g. caustic soda➣ Electrical burns act like thermal burns: heat is produced. Injury is proportional to the voltage of the source➣ Cold thermal injury occurs in frostbite
Third-degree burn mouse treatment using recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 2
Published in Growth Factors, 2020
Thu-Minh Tran-Nguyen, Khanh-Thien Le, Le-Giang Thi Nguyen, Thanh-Loan Thi Tran, Phuong-Cac Hoang-Thai, Thuoc Linh Tran, Sik-Loo Tan, Hieu Tran-Van
Burn is commonly divided into several types due to the causing agents, including thermal burn, ice burn, chemical burn, electrical burn, and radiation burn. However, thermal burn is the most popular one in human daily life. Categorically, there are four main burn degrees based on wound depth including first-, second-, third-, and fourth-degree. The first-degree burn is milder than the others as only the epidermis is damaged. This burn degree frequently is not dangerous and does not generate scar tissue because blood vessels are still intact. In contrast, second- and third-degree burns are more dangerous as the damage reaches dermis and subcutaneous tissues, respectively. Finally, fourth-degree is the most severe burn state that muscle and bone are damaged (Jeschke et al. 2020; Fagen, Shalaby-Rana, and Jackson 2015). Most necrosis and mortalities caused by burns result from second-, third-, and fourth-degree burns. The wound healing process in these cases is more complicated thus it takes a long time and often needs suitable treatments to boost the tissue repair.
The “in’s and outs” of laser hair removal: a mini review
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019
Mandy M. Thomas, Nicolette N. Houreld
Lasers are classified according to the potential harm that the laser beam can cause, namely Class one to Class four. Typically, when using a laser device for hair removal, class three or four lasers are used. The incorrect use of these devices can give rise to a number of complications. The most common skin complications include folliculitis, post-treatment transient and reticulate erythema, perifollicular oedema, ocular complications, pain, crusting and purpura (20–22). More severe side effects can also occur, which include thermal burns resulting in permanent scarring, blisters and pigmentary changes (hyper-and hypopigmentation) (23). Other uncommon side effects include the induction or aggravation of acne, rosacea-like rash, premature greying of hair, tunnelling of hair under the skin, prolonged diffuse redness and oedema of the face, and inflammatory and pigmentary changes of pre-existing nevi (24). Some of the reported ocular complications include cataracts, iritis, iris atrophy, pupillary distortion, uveitis, photophobia, posterior synechiae, and visual field defects. These have all been reported despite the use of metal protective lenses (25).
Gasoline-related injuries and fatalities in the United States, 1995-2014
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2018
Each thermal burn case was further categorized as to the circumstances of the injury event as follows: Misuse as Accelerant, Other Misuse, and Other Fires/Explosions. Misuse as Accelerant included using gasoline to start or enhance bonfires, campfires, grill or pit fires, and fires for burning yard waste, trash, and other or unspecified materials. Other Misuse included using gasoline around ignition sources, like open flames, sparks, or while smoking. It also included child play fires and miscellaneous use of gasoline, for example as a cleaning agent. Other Fires/Explosions included vehicle/equipment-related incidents, miscellaneous incidents (such as fire resulting from having spilled gasoline on one's clothing), and unspecified incidents.