China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Applied Physiology: Renal Failure
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
Renal failure is classified into two main categories: Acute kidney injury (AKI). In AKI, there is a loss of kidney function within a few days. Acute renal failure refers to severe acute kidney injury in which the kidneys abruptly stop entirely or almost entirely and requiring renal replacement therapy.Chronic kidney disease. There is progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months or years (Table 46.1).
Severe Non-influenza Viral Pneumonia in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
David Waldner, Thomas J. Marrie, Wendy Sligl
MERS typically presents with fever, cough, abdominal pain, myalgia, and headache; it is frequently followed by the rapid development of pneumonia and respiratory failure [38,46]. Approximately 53%–89% of patients hospitalized with MERS-CoV require admission to CCUs, with a median duration of 7 days from symptom onset to CCU admission [47]. The majority of patients have abnormal chest radiographs with ground-glass opacities (most common), confluent consolidation, and pleural effusion [48]. Upper lobe involvement is infrequent early in the course of illness; however, radiographic progression appears to be rapid, with involvement of all lung zones, typically during peak radiographic deterioration [48]. Acute renal failure necessitating renal replacement therapy is common, occurring in over half of patients [49]. Despite intensive supportive care, mortality rates in patients with MERS admitted to CCUs remain high, ranging from 58% to 90% [47].
The kidneys
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Renal failure, classified as either acute or chronic, has a large number of causes. In acute renal failure there is an abrupt deterioration in renal function occurring over a period of hours or days. It may be classified as: Prerenal – due to inadequate perfusion after circulatory collapseRenal – due to renal parenchymal disease/damagePostrenal – due to obstructive disorders of the urinary tract
Protective effect of thymol on glycerol-induced acute kidney injury
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Qinglian Wang, Guanghui Qi, Hongwei Zhou, Fajuan Cheng, Xiaowei Yang, Xiang Liu, Rong Wang
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously known as acute renal failure (ARF), was first replaced by the emergency medical community and the international society of nephrology [1] and is a syndrome characterized by an accelerating decrease in renal function in a short time. It is a crucial clinical problem with a high mortality rate, prolonged hospital stays and accelerated chronic kidney disease. Generally, the onset of AKI is hidden until the body cannot tolerate natremia [2]. Once diagnosed, the mortality of AKI is as high as 50% in the intensive care unit [3], and effective therapy to reverse or prevent progression is rarely mere. Rhabdomyolysis (RM)-induced AKI is named RM-mediated myoglobinuric renal damage, with 15% of all RM patients accounting for 40% of AKI cases [4]. It often develops after crush syndrome, exhaustive exercise, medications, infections, and toxins [5–8].
Iron metabolism-related indicators as predictors of the incidence of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Limei Zhao, Xiaoyu Yang, Shengchao Zhang, Xiaoshuang Zhou
Regarding the respective relationship between transferrin saturation, serum iron, urine catalytic iron and AKI after cardiac surgery, no meta-analysis was performed because only one article for each relationship was found during the literature search. Akrawinthawong K et al. [43] studied the relationship between urine catalytic iron and AKI after cardiac surgery and found that patients with AKI after cardiac surgery showed a significant increase in urine catalytic urinary iron 8 h after surgery, while creatinine levels did not change significantly until 12 h later. Thus, urine catalytic iron may predict AKI earlier than creatinine after cardiac surgery. Choi N et al. [16] found that higher transferrin saturation at 1 h after cardiopulmonary bypass was an independent predictor of acute kidney injury, and animal experiments have also revealed that intraperitoneal injection of unconjugated ferrotransferrin can reduce free iron in the circulation of ischemia–reperfusion mice, eliminate superoxide formation in the kidney, and reduce postischemic inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration [44], suggesting that transferrin saturation can be used as an early predictor of AKI after cardiac surgery and that unconjugated ferrotransferrin can be used to enhance endogenous iron binding capacity. These findings reveal a potential treatment strategy for acute renal failure.
Cost-effectiveness of the adjuvanted quadrivalent influenza vaccine in the elderly Belgian population
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2023
Sophie Marbaix, Nicolas Dauby, Joaquin Mould-Quevedo
Respiratory diagnoses other than influenza are the most frequent complications and include bronchitis, pneumonia or any URTI, and acute exacerbation of COPD. Myocarditis, MI, renal or CNS complications, and stroke are the nonrespiratory complications associated with influenza infection. Renal complications refer to acute renal failure, glomerulonephritis, and nephrotic syndrome. CNS complications include meningitis, psychosis, epilepsy and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The probabilities of developing these complications were mainly derived from an observational study conducted in the United Kingdom [4] and adapted for a previous cost-effectiveness analysis [20]. The nature of the complications and the risk of hospitalization due to complications were validated by Belgian experts. All nonrespiratory complications were assumed to require hospitalization. Bronchitis and URTIs were mainly managed in outpatient settings. The risk of hospitalization due to pneumonia was derived from a previous Belgian cost-effectiveness analysis [38]. A similar risk of hospitalization was assumed in the case of COPD exacerbations based on the number of hospitalizations due to influenza in combination with pneumonia and COPD diagnoses [3].