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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Resveratrol is commonly consumed through berries, including consumption of wine. The relationship between polyphenols and culinary preparation can be complex. For example, wine production involves maceration of resveratrol-rich grape skins. Though the maceration, there is a diffusion-based increase in polyphenol concentration. In a study using berries as the source of resveratrol, baking of blueberries and bilberries for 18 minutes led to significant reduction in resveratrol concentrations. It is not known how the reduced levels for resveratrol with cooking affect its antioxidation function.
Dermatophytosis
Published in Rebecca A. Cox, Immunology of the Fungal Diseases, 2020
In general, experimental infections with dermatophytic fungi are rather difficult to produce in humans unless measures are taken to alter the skin of the inoculation area in some manner.12,13 There are a number of factors, affecting primarily the skin, which appear to enhance susceptibility to either experimental or naturally occurring dermatophytosis. Warmth and moisture are important in either type of infection. The warm, wet conditions of the swampy areas of Vietnam were felt to be responsible in part for the high incidence of dermatophytosis in combat troops in that area, where dermatophytosis was a major cause of disability in the military personnel.14 Some form of occlusion has been used as a method to increase susceptibility to experimental dermatophyte infections in both humans and animals.12,15–17 Occlusion may act by increasing the state of hydration of the underlying skin. Alternatively, occlusion has been found to enhance the emission of carbon dioxide from the skin (from 20 nl/cm2/hr to 90 nl/cm2/hr), and this factor might affect the growth of dermatophytes in the occluded skin.18 Mild abrasion of the skin has been found to enhance the ability of dermatophytes to infect the skin.19 However, maceration of the skin to the point where bleeding occurs seems to decrease the incidence of experimental infections.20 The latter finding may relate to the inhibitory effect of serum on the growth of dermatophytes as discussed below in Section II.A.
Drowning
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
Skin maceration, characterized by thickening, wrinkling and whitening of the skin, occurs first on the fingertips, palms and back of the hands, as well as on the toes, soles and backs of the feet, and in cases of prolonged submersion this can sometimes also be visible on the elbows and knees. Further exposure to water causes progressive loosening of the nails and skin peeling from the hands and feet in a ‘glove and stocking fashion’ (Figure 27.4).
Dietary flavonoids-rich Citrus reticulata peel extract interacts with CREB signaling to suppress seizures and linked neurobehavioral impairments in a kindling mouse model
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Pallavi Sharma, Poonam Dhiman, Damanpreet Singh
The peel of Citrus reticulata was collected from the local fruit processors/juice producers Palampur, H.P. India. The identification and quality of the material were validated by a food technologist. The collected peel was cleaned and dried using a hot air oven at 40°C. It was then chopped into small pieces and processed with a mixer grinder (Philips, India) before being sieved to a particle size of 500 microns. Thermally assisted overnight maceration extraction was used for the extraction of peel powder with 80% ethanol. The process included a 20 minutes, thermal treatment (80°C) of the sample with the solvent system (1:10 w/v). After that, it was allowed to cool at room temperature. Overnight maceration was performed followed by filtration. Using a rotary evaporator, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure (Rotavapor R-300 BUCHI, Switzerland) and dried using a lyophilizer (Labconco FreeZone 6Plus). The extraction was carried out in duplicate to calculate the yield of the lyophilized extract and represented as mean ± standard deviation. The lyophilized Citrus reticulata extract (CRE) was stored at −80° C until further use. The selection of the solvent combination was based on our previous findings (unpublished results) and reported literature [17] that suggested maximum extraction of flavonoids with 80% ethanol.
Enhanced full-thickness wound healing via Sophora gibbosa extract delivery based on a chitosan/gelatin dressing incorporating microemulsion
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Khaled Shalaby, Ehab M. Mostafa, Arafa Musa, Abd El Ghany A. Moustafa, Mohamed F. Ibrahim, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Mohammed Elmowafy
Skin is repetitively exposed to wounds by different ways such as injuries and physical trauma. Once wound takes place, series of complicated and synchronized reactions starts aiming to initiate healing process. The process involves overlapped steps; inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [1]. Wounds are generally categorized as chronic or acute. Chronic wounds represent one of chief health problems around the world and create a huge burden to patients and health care systems [2]. In case of acute wounds, they usually heal in an efficient mode by healing process steps [3]. Disorganization of healing process of acute wounds by local factors such as ischemia infection, tissue maceration or presence of foreign body may result in chronic wound. Furthermore, continuous inappropriate conditions for wound healing induces sustainable inflammatory cascade which in turn enhances tissue destruction and necrosis [4].
Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Mahshid Mohammadi, Vasudeo Zambare, Ladislav Malek, Christine Gottardo, Zacharias Suntres, Lew Christopher
Maceration is a popular technique for a small-scale and inexpensive preparation of many herbal extracts. Lichen maceration includes soaking, grinding, solvent mixing, and filtration of extracts [68]. In principle, the solvent penetrates the sample and selectively dissolves certain lichen compounds. Maceration facilitates the diffusion and surface release of bioactive compounds, which results in increased concentration and extraction yield. The extraction time is a function of the mass transfer coefficient and is dependent on the experimental conditions and sample composition. Factors affecting maceration are choice of solvent, solvent polarity, and maceration time. The smaller particle size increases surface area and leads to improved solvent diffusion and extraction. In one study, Xanthoria parietina lichen was blended with 100% acetone and treated at room temperature for 3 days. The crude acetone extract showed anticancer property on MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells [69]. In another study, the dried thalli of 10 lichens of Parmeliaceae were extracted in methanol by a vortex-shaking maceration for 2 h of periodical shaking (1 min every 30 min) with an extraction yield of 2.17–14.31 wt% [70]. Maceration has been used for the extraction of bioactive compounds from various lichen species (Table 1). In maceration, the extraction capacity of mixed solvents of polar/nonpolar nature is high; however, few studies have been carried out to compare and optimize different solvents and solvent systems.