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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Balsam of Peru (Peru balsam; INCI name: Myroxylon pereirae resin, in this chapter often abbreviated as MP) is the balsam obtained from the scorched and wounded bark of Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var. pereirae (Royle) Baillon of the Leguminosae family, a tree that reaches a height of 30–35 meter and grows between 300 and 700 meter above the sea in the coastal regions of El Salvador (14,167) and apparently also in Honduras, Guatemala, Cuba, Mexico, Costa Rica and Panama, but not in Peru (197). The correct botanical name according to the database www.theplantlist.org is Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae (Royle) Harms.
Contact Dermatitis
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Perioral dermatitis may result from habits such as lip licking, lip chewing or thumb sucking (Fonacier 2010). Allergens in dental care products (toothpastes and mouth washes) or chewing gum include cinnamon and peppermint. Balsam of Peru and cinnamic aldehyde are often used as a flavoring in food products, lipstick, mouthwash and dentifrices (Fonacier 2010). Patients may also have contact dermatitis in mucous membranes to orthodontics/dental implants that contains metals such as nickel, cobalt, chromate, mercury and gold. Thus PT for oral dermatitis should also include metals, fragrances and preservatives.
Cosmetic Components Causing Contact Urticaria Syndrome: An Update
Published in Ana M. Giménez-Arnau, Howard I. Maibach, Contact Urticaria Syndrome, 2014
Balsam of Peru and fragrance mix I (a mixture of eight fragrance components as tested in the baseline series) may act by both immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms,[31] with cinnamal, a common ingredient to both, being probably the most important causal ingredient.[32]
Clinical utility of marketing terms used for over-the-counter dermatologic products
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Diagnosis of ACD to fragrances is made by patch testing (7). There are various tools to test for ACD to fragrances, including fragrance mix I (FMI), fragrance mix II (FMII), and balsam of Peru (2). In the past, FMII and Balsam of Peru series detected nearly 90% of allergens. In recent years, screening efficacy has decreased to 60% due to an increase in botanicals and fragrances added to cosmetic products. Balsam of Peru has been replaced by several cross reactants that patients with sensitivity to Balsam of Peru should be counseled to avoid (Table 2) (2). Given low detection rates, it is also recommended that clinicians supplement standard patch testing with the patient’s personal cosmetic products (7). Overall, if patients are concerned about fragrances in their products, they should be counseled on common fragrances to examine for on their labels (Tables 1 and 2) as they can often be hidden as a preservative or moisturizing agent and easy to miss.