China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Natural Products from the Amazon Region as Potential Antimicrobials
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Josiane E. A. Silva, Iasmin L. D. Paranatinga, Elaine C. P. Oliveira, Silvia K. S. Escher, Ananda S. Antonio, Leandro S. Nascimento, Patricia P. Orlandi, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior
In the Fabaceae family, several species stand out for their traditional medicinal use and in treatment of parasitic diseases. In the Copaifera genus, not only are the extracts of the bark and leaves used, but also the oleoresins exudated from the trunk. Endemic species, such as C. langsdorffii, C. officinalis, C. reticulata and C. multijuga can exude more than 30 litres of resin, sought by animals to heal their wounds. The popular use of these resins includes healing, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and anti-tumor activities, and as an agent to treat bronchitis, skin diseases, leishmaniasis, dermatoses and ulcers. “Barbatimão”, Stryphnodendron adstringens, is another legume with traditional use for the treatment of wounds. Its most frequent use, as the name implies, is as an astringent, with these pharmacological actions confirmed scientifically, mainly due to its tannins (Leandro et al. 2012; Cavalcante et al. 2017; Ricardo et al. 2018; Mauro et al. 2019).
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Wild Medicinal Plants of Piauí State-Brazil
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa, Mahendra Rai, Gilmânia Francisca Sousa Carvalho, Herbert Gonzaga Sousa, Patrícia e Silva Alves, Renata da Silva Carneiro, Ariane Maria da Silva Santos Nascimento, Felipe Pereira da Silva Santos, Gabriel e Silva Sales
Fruit ingestion can cause vomiting and diarrhea in children. Many people use the mastic against fevers, urinary tract problems, cystitis, urethritis, cough, bronchitis, menstrual problems with excessive bleeding, flu and inflammation in general. Its resin is indicated for the treatment of rheumatism, besides serving as purgative and to fight respiratory diseases. Its resin oil is used externally for healing and toothache. The light yellow resin (which hardens in the air turning bluish and then brown), coming from the lesions of the barks, is a drug of wide application among the sertanejos, as a tonic, when they use barks. In other times, the aroeira was used by the Jesuits, who with their resin, prepared the “Balm of the Missions”, famous in Brazil and abroad (Lorenzi 2002, Brandão 2014).
Biomaterial, Host, and Microbial Interactions
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Resin composites are the most commonly used restorative materials in dentistry today due to growing demands for tooth-colored restorations, increasing concern regarding exposure to mercury in dental amalgams (Khalichi et al. 2009; Mackert and Berglund 1997), and its varied applications in day-to-day practice (Ferracane 2011). Despite its growing popularity, resin-based composites lack the durability of amalgam fillings and tend to have higher failure rates, primarily due to the development of microleakage along the margins of restorations and subsequent recurrent decay (Bernardo et al. 2007; Murray et al. 2002; Soncini et al. 2007).
Biological aspects of modern dental composites
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2023
Jan Tore Samuelsen, Jon E. Dahl
Only a limited number of studies have addressed patient exposure to monomers from resin-based materials. Most studies have addressed methacrylate exposure from removable prostheses. The maximum concentration of monomer released into saliva peaked 1 day after the insertion of complete dentures. The methyl methacrylate (MMA) content was 0.4 ± 0.1 µM 1 h after insertion, 3 ± 1 µM, and 0.5 ± 0.1 µM on the first- and third-days post insertion, respectively. Although the released MMA was not at toxic levels, it could potentially sensitize the patient or elicit an allergic reaction [10]. In another study, healthy human dentate subjects wore recently made auto-polymerized or heat-polymerized poly methyl methacrylate palatal appliances for 5 min. MMA is released into saliva from auto-polymerized appliances, with a maximum concentration of 0.45 mM in whole saliva and 1.8 mM in the salivary film on the fitting surface. Monomer was not found in saliva from subjects wearing properly heat-polymerized MMA appliances, whereas the maximum MMA concentration in saliva was 63 mM when the polymerization time was shorter than recommended. MMA was not detected in blood or urine [11].
Modified self-healing cementitious materials based on epoxy and calcium nitrate microencapsulation
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Fahimeh Farshi Azhar, Aylin Ahmadinia, Alireza Mohammadjafari Sadeghi
Epoxy resin because of its excellent chemical, physical, mechanical and thermal properties, is an effective candidate for healing agent. A wide variety of curing agents such as amines and anhydrides can be used for curing of epoxy resin at different temperatures (Reaz Chowdhury et al. 2015). Also, epoxy resin has the most matches with urea–formaldehyde in microencapsulation. Blaiszik et al. (2009) synthesised microcapsules containing PUF shell containing reactive epoxy resins core with different diluents. The prepared capsules meet the requirements for use in self-healing composites, containing processing survivability, thermal stability and efficient in situ rupture for delivery of the healing agents. Jin et al. (2012) studied the microcapsules comprise of hollow PUF shell and epoxy-amine healing agent. Yuan and Liang (2008) evaluated some effective factors in size and surface morphology of PUF microcapsules containing epoxy resins, such as type and concentration of surfactant, adjusting time for pH value and heating rate. But, in these studies, healing behaviour of the host matrix was not reported. On the other hand, the PUF-epoxy microcapsules have been studied mostly for self-healing in polymer-based composites by now, and few researches have been reported on its utilisation in cementitious materials (Dong et al.2016, Perez et al.2015).
Bulk Fill flow resin contraction using 3D finite element model and calibration by Fiber Bragg Grating measurement
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Claudio Antunes Junior, Emílio Graciliano Ferreira Mercuri, Ana Paula Gebert de Oliveira Franco, Manoella Costa, Leandro Zen Karam, Hypolito José Kalinowski, Osnara Maria Mongruel Gomes
Resin based materials are widely used in restoration processes in dental practice. However, the polymerization shrinkage and the variation of the physical properties of the resin during polymerization in relation to the surrounding materials may cause damage to the interfaces between the dental resins, adhesives and tooth structures (Pearson and Hegarty 1987). The accumulation of damage may result in gaps at the interfaces, postoperative sensitivity, marginal stains, pulp damage, and recurrence of caries (Meredith and Setchell 1997). Damage can also trigger a fracture, cracking on the surrounding walls or even loss of restoration. In particular, the difference between the mechanical properties can lead to the appearance of stress concentration during the process of chewing or temperature change. In order to reduce these problems changes are made in the chemical composition of these materials (Causton et al. 1985; McCullock and Smith 1986). The stresses resulting from the polymerization shrinkage of the composites used in the restorations depend on a number of factors such as restoration size, cavity shape, whether composite application is incremental or single, composite creep effect, motion of the cusps and the intensity of the incident light during the polymerization process (Feilzer et al. 1990; Koike et al. 1990; Feilzer et al. 1995; Silikas et al. 2000). Cyclic loads may lead the restored tooth to fatigue and ultimately may result in material failure (Ausiello et al. 2001).