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Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Advanced researches are being conducted polymeric biomaterials from various disciplines of polymer chemistry, materials science, biomedical engineering, surface chemistry, biophysics, and biology. In the past few years, polymer-based biomaterial technologies are coming to the commercial applications at a very rapid pace. Polylactic acid (PLA) the most widely used synthetic polymer which introduced by Biscnoff and Walden in 1893 [7]. These are highly biocompatible, with controlled degradation rate and degrade into toxic-free components like CO2 and water. They are used for biomedical applications, like natural polymers, polysaccharides or proteins, and synthetic polymers.
Alternative Tumor-Targeting Strategies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Effective drug delivery and targeting remain a challenge in the management of cancer. Existing drugs could be made significantly more effective if techniques could be developed to deliver them selectively to the tumor site while avoiding healthy tissues. Knowledge and experience from areas such as nanotechnology, advanced polymer chemistry, and electronic engineering are being drawn upon to help develop novel drug delivery systems. Examples from the areas of nanotechnology and conjugate technologies are described below.
Conjugation of Polymers with Biomolecules and Polymeric Vaccine Development Technologies
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
The mechanism and functional properties of biomacromolecules (protein, polysaccharide, etc.) formed by synthetic polyelectrolytes and water-soluble and insoluble complexes were investigated (Mustafaev et al. 1998). Water-soluble polymers have recently found a wide range of applications, both in theoretical polymer chemistry and practical application. In particular, the use of water-soluble systems as physiological active substances appears to be an immunological benefit (Nadakumar and Shakya 2012). Coordination and organometallic colloids and gels have attracted unique interest from scientists for application in new technologies within the production of biopolymers. Unfortunately, in step with the regarded strategies of guidance for these biomaterials, they are nonetheless quite basic and may be stated to be the result of coincidences instead of planning. In addition to coordination bonds in manufacturing, other non-covalent interactions, which include coordination colloids and gels, hydrogen bonds, stacking, and van der Waals forces, had been discovered and are recognized to work in collaboration. Because of the collective effect of these sensitive interactions, understanding and manipulating intermolecular connections are crucial to structural design and a number of properties in the molecules’ function. Therefore, fundamental studies that consist of innovation in chemistry, characterization strategies, and the improvement of effective strategies for shape-function assessment should be supported and expanded (Wang and McHale 2010).
Silicone hydrogel contact lenses retain and document ocular surface lipid mediator profiles
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Karsten Gronert, Arnav Modi, Kaleb Asfaha, Sharon Chen, Elizabeth Dow, Scott Joslin, Mike Chemaly, Zohra Fadli, Leilani Sonoda, Bailin Liang
Despite the progress made to date, contact lens discomfort is still the leading reason patients abandon their contact lenses each year.2 Extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. The influence of polymer chemistry and various other material attributes including water content, hydration, ionicity, oxygen transmissibility, modulus, and mechanical factors such as coefficient of friction, wettability, and surface modification have been investigated intensively. None of these attributes, with the one exception of coefficient of friction, appeared to be associated directly with contact lens induced discomfort.2 An important developing direction of research in contact lens-induced discomfort is the interactions of contact lenses with the ocular surface and individual tear film components.
Design of artificial cells: artificial biochemical systems, their thermodynamics and kinetics properties
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Lin Pohan, Qifeng Wang, Kamel Meguellati
The future of artificial cells will be important for environmental purposes, nanomedecine, and material science. The design of new artificial cells able to recycle organic waste and filter water will be of great importance for keeping a safe ecosystem. The development of artificial cells for nanomedecine will be important in combination of CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of diseases such as cancers, infectious diseases. It requires nano-printing of desired biochemical networks, epigenetic regulations, receptors-signal transmission, retrocontrol systems, homeostatic far-from-equilibrium systems, release of molecules upon demand. To mention a few examples of the other uses of artificial cells in nanomedicine are the miniaturization of medical devices using artificial cells made up of ultrathin membranes, use of artificial cells in the modification of hemoglobin to polyhemoglobin as an oxygen carrier in transfusions, to remove oxygen radicals, oxygen and carbon dioxide with enhanced antioxidant activity was created by assembling hemoglobin with enzymes by nanobiotechnology, conjugated hemoglobin and production of blood substitutes. The relationship between artificial cells and polymer chemistry had resulted in the creation of artificial kidneys, oxygenators, artificial hearts, and vascular prothesis and other artificial replacements, enzyme immobilization, receptors and immunogens.
Elucidating spray-dried dispersion dissolution mechanisms with focused beam reflectance measurement: contribution of polymer chemistry and particle properties to performance
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
Clare Frances Rawlinson-Malone, Ana Patricia Ferreira, Daniel Nicholls, Sarah Nicholson
HPMC-AS is amphiphilic, where the hydrophobic regions provide sites of drug association whilst hydrophilic regions permit the stable formation of hydrated nanosized colloidal structures in aqueous media (Curatolo et al. 2009). For other drug–polymer systems, subtle variations in polymer chemistry have previously been shown to influence drug polymer bonding and dissolution performance (Niemczyk et al. 2012). It is a logical step to infer that variations in the HPMC-AS substitution chemistry will affect the hydrophilicity of the polymer and might also influence drug affinity through differences in drug–polymer bonding sites available. Where an erosion mechanism was present, both of these factors could be expected to affect the rate at which dissolution can occur.