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Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Transportation, building construction, electrical, and electronics, packaging, and aviation industries have attracted considerably with Polymer-based composites [7]. Polymers are used in biomedical applications [8] due to ease of processing, lightweight, flexibility, high strength to weight ratio, greater availability, and higher recyclability is their basic characteristics [9]. Even though metals and ceramics possess higher mechanical properties compared to polymers, polymers still are preferred due to its special characteristics. There can be further improvements by mixing with another polymer, addition of fibers, and nanoparticles [10]. Novel and smart materials are prepared out of polymer matrix with nanoparticle incorporation.
Peptide Vaccine
Published in Mesut Karahan, Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Models, 2021
Joel Lim Whye Ern, Tan Shen Leng, Tee Yi Na, Palaniarajan Vijayaraj Kumar
Polymers bring benefits in various biotechnological as well as biomedical applications, especially in the delivery of drugs and antigens. Shae, Postma, and Wilson et al. mentioned polymeric delivery systems was poised to impact vaccine delivery (Shae, Postma, and Wilson 2016). By having the technology of a polymeric delivery system, multiple vaccine components can be enclosed in either synthetic or natural forms of polymers. For instance, biodegradable poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), chitosan, alginate, and hyaluronic acid (HA) were applied in vaccine delivery applications. Formulation of polymers with antigens can involve either physical entrapment or chemical conjugation (Shae, Postma, and Wilson 2016).
Recent Cannabinoid Delivery Systems
Published in Betty Wedman-St Louis, Cannabis as Medicine, 2019
Natascia Bruni, Carlo Della Pepa, Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso, Daniela Gastaldi, Franco Dosio, Enrica Pessione
Polymers have played an integral role in the advancement of drug delivery technology and this field has grown tremendously. Polymers are currently used in pharmaceutical formulations and show a wide range of safety and biodegradation variables. Developments in responsive polymers, polymer therapeutics, and advanced systems for molecular recognition or for the intracellular delivery of novel therapeutics have more recently appeared [136,137]. Polymeric drug delivery systems are able to protect drugs from degradation and control drug release.
Sustained release ocular drug delivery systems for glaucoma therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Zinah K. Al-Qaysi, Ian G. Beadham, Sianne L. Schwikkard, Joseph C. Bear, Ali A. Al-Kinani, Raid G. Alany
Intracameral implants serve as a reservoir system to provide sustained drug release for glaucoma treatment. Such implants are better accepted by glaucoma patients since a minimal drug concentration is needed and fewer side effects are observed compared with conventional eye drops. Intracameral implants are more invasive than subconjunctival implants. The subconjunctival route requires either injection or insertion of the implant beneath the conjunctiva. To inject (via the subconjunctival route) into the posterior segment of the eye, a bleb is initially formed which acts as a slowly depleting depot. The drug then has only the sclera and choroid to cross to reach its site of action, the retina [116]. The administration of glaucoma drugs from the subconjunctival space provides prolonged delivery for 3–4 months [115]. Biodegradable polymers have a substantial benefit over nondegradable systems because the entire system is eventually absorbed by the body, reducing the need for further removal. Potential complications include intraocular infection, implant migration, and inconsistent or overly prolonged biodegradation. In the latter case, difficulties may arise when implants degrade so slowly that residual material remains in the eye for months or even years [14,109,117]. Examples of intracameral implants used in glaucoma therapy include DURYSTA, ENV515, OTX-TIC, iDose Travoprost, PA5108, and DE-117. Subconjunctival injections or implants utilized in glaucoma therapy are Durasert and P0LAT–001 [36,41].
Drug-eluting stents for the treatment of coronary artery disease: A review of recent advances
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
However, despite progress in the biophysical properties of polymers, they still have disadvantages. Polymers are associated with chronic inflammation and cause delayed endothelialization, impaired arterial healing, and neoatherosclerosis within the stented segment. Neoatherosclerosis can also be related to very late stent thrombosis or late catch-up restenosis. These effects occur within 5 years after bare metal stent implantation and much earlier after polymer-based DES implantation [35]. Therefore, instead of durable polymer DES (DP-DES), biodegradable polymer DES (BP-DES) and PF-DES have been developed to improve long-term stent outcomes by reducing polymer-related adverse events. These BP-DES and PF-DES may hypothetically have fewer disadvantages than those of polymer-related complications.
Why do few drug delivery systems to combat neglected tropical diseases reach the market? An analysis from the technology’s stages
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2022
Jabson Herber Profiro de Oliveira, Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda, José Izak Ribeiro de Araújo, Luise Lopes Chaves, Mônica Felts de La Rocca Soares, José Lamartine Soares-Sobrinho
Polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery and combating SCL were verified in patents in this study [282,285,294]. The development of nanoparticles has been one of the main strategies for solving problems related to drugs with low water solubility [317]. In general, nanoparticles have been a viable alternative for the industry, as they have characteristics that further their scaling, including good physicochemical stability and protection against labile drugs [318]. The nanoscale allows for a higher level of drug targeting [319]. In addition, some of the main advantages of using polymers are their biocompatibility and the ability to slowly release medication in a lipid matrix [320]. Moreover, polymeric nanoparticles provide the reduction of toxicity in paromomycin [321], amphotericin B [322], nifurtmox [323], pentamidine [324]. The improvement of these parameters can represent therapeutic gains for patients. However, some points are described as challenges for the industry in the development of nanoparticles, including: (1) quality control; (2) purification of materials and supplies; (3) batch reproducibility; (4) the cost of materials; and (5) the yield [325].