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Management of Natural Rubber Glove Sensitivity
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Contact dermatitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory skin reaction caused by exposure to an irritant and/or allergen substances. Two types of contact dermatitis exist depending on the underlying pathomechanism: irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
Dermatitides
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Allison Perz, Tara Jennings, Robert Duffy, Warren Heymann
Laboratory studies: This is a clinical diagnosis. Patch testing can be performed to rule out an associated contact dermatitis. Histologically, acute lesions will demonstrate spongiosis, and chronic lesions will reveal hyperkeratosis and acanthosis.
Patient assessment
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
As its name suggests, contact dermatitis is an inflammatory response within the skin secondary to the direct contact of either an allergen or irritant substance. The nature of the trigger allows for further subdivision into either irritant or allergic contact dermatitis. A breakdown in the epidermal barrier commonly facilitates the development of this condition, and therefore, atopic eczema may predispose an individual to contact dermatitis. Other potential causes for impairment of the epidermal barrier and consequent contact dermatitis include extremes of age and direct trauma to the skin, such as in manual labourers.
Comorbidity identification and referral in atopic dermatitis: a consensus document
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Javier Ortíz de Frutos, Gregorio Carretero, Raul de Lucas, Susana Puig, Esther Serra, Susana Gómez Castro, Francisco Rebollo Laserna, Estíbaliz Loza, Juan Francisco Silvestre-Salvador
Concerning allergic contact dermatitis: In AD, at the first visit/s and periodically during follow-up, allergic contact dermatitis should be actively ruled out, in both children and adults (LE 5; GR D; LA 83%)The impact of allergic contact dermatitis on AD patients should be carefully assessed, as it could significantly differ depending on the age at diagnosis; therefore, the clinical attitude should differ, as well (LE 5; GR D; LA 83%)Allergic contact dermatitis should be suspected if any of the following is present: AD with a poor or torpid clinical course, asymmetric locations, extensive flares, or 'atypical’ clinical forms (LE 5; GR D; LA 100%)
Emerging drugs for the treatment of acne: a review of phase 2 & 3 trials
Published in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 2022
Siddharth Bhatt, Rohit Kothari, Durga Madhab Tripathy, Sunmeet Sandhu, Mahsa Babaei, Mohamad Goldust
Topical usage of retinoids achieves an effective concentration in the skin and precludes from getting systemic adverse effects. Topical retinoids while targeting the epidermal proliferation, reduces the earliest precursor lesions of acne viz comedone. Thereby, making it the first-line therapy in the management of acne vulgaris currently. Retinoids, especially tretinoin being photolabile should ideally be applied during the night. Adapalene and tazarotene in this respect have the added advantage of being photostable and can be applied during the day. It has additional anti-inflammatory properties due to the inhibition of the lipo-oxygenase pathway and chemotaxis, along with free oxygen radical release from neutrophils. Adapalene at 0.3% has also been shown to reduce scar formation and pigmentation due to acne lesions. Erythema, scaling, pruritus, burning, stinging, dryness and irritation are common side effects. It can rarely lead to allergic contact dermatitis.
Adverse effects of textile dyes on antioxidant enzymes and cholinesterase activities in Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R+)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Shaista Rahimi, Mahendra P. Singh, Jeena Gupta
On the basis of dyeing processes, the classification of textile dyes is usually done into acid, basic, disperse, mordant, direct, sulfur, azoic, reactive and vat dyes (Akar et al.2009). Disperse group because of their low molecular weight and lipophilic nature are common allergenic dyes (Stahlmann et al.2006, Lademann et al.2009). Disperse blue-124 is diazene containing monoazo dye which is generally used as a standard for assaying allergic dyes. It is a common contact sensitizer and is known to cause contact dermatitis in immuno-compromised patients (Caliskaner et al.2012). Disperse black-9 is another azo dye which in addition to dying clothes is also a component of hair dye formulations available in the market. A previous report by Wernick et al., have highlighted high LD50 of Disperse black-9 (1297 mg/Kg body weight) in male rats while the NOAEL was found to be 52.6 mg/kg body weight (Wernick et al.1975). Nevertheless, there are no studies which explore the potential consequences of these disperse dyes on important enzymes of living organisms. There are high chances for the strong connection between the intake of these dyes (in drinking water) and disease susceptibility, which makes the molecular studies vital (Fernandes et al.2018).