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The Nutrition-Focused History and Physical Examination (NFPE) in Malnutrition
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
I generally start with the face, noting any hollowing of the temples due to loss of the temporalis muscles (see Figure 7.7 for normal anatomy of the face). Next, examine the shoulders to look for a loss of the deltoid muscles. Some people describe this as a squaring of the shoulders because of the loss of normal deltoid convex curvature. Move your hands from the shoulders to the scapular regions. Note the depth of the infrascapular fossa that may appear more pronounced because of loss of the pectoralis muscles. A more prominent rib cage will be seen in the upper chest with the loss of pectoralis and intercostal muscles. The ribs will be more prominent in the lower chest with the loss of the latissimus dorsi and lower intercostal muscles (see Figure 7.8 for the normal muscular anatomy of the anterior torso; see Figure 7.9 for the normal muscular anatomy of the posterior torso).
Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy
Published in Debbie Peet, Emma Chung, Practical Medical Physics, 2021
David Towey, Lisa Rowley, Debbie Peet
The torso phantom contains lung, liver, spine and cardiac sections in realistic shapes and sizes. The spinal insert is made of increased density material to mimic bone. The lung volumes are filled with polystyrene balls and water to mimic the lower density of lung tissue. The liver and cardiac inserts can be filled with varying activity concentrations, and the cardiac model can have defects added to the myocardium. Figure 5.24(a) shows the phantom being imaged on a solid-state dedicated cardiac scanner. Figure 5.24(b) provides a close-up of the cardiac insert used to mimic activity in the myocardium of the left vertical, and/or inside the left ventricle itself. The resulting phantom images are useful for optimising image processing.
Experiencing the dead in ancient Egyptian healing texts
Published in Ulrike Steinert, Systems of Classification in Premodern Medical Cultures, 2020
We are thus dealing with two rather different modes of potential attack from the ‘dead’. One is made through the -substance exuded by the ‘dead’ and gods and injected into the body of human beings. There, it causes pain or other problems from within, which tend to be ascribed generally to the whole body or the central organs of the torso. Correspondingly, the treatment consists in introducing other substances into the body which can replace the harmful fluids of the ‘dead’. The two main therapeutic approaches to this are the ingestion of certain efficacious substances and censing, which also has the likely purpose of replacing the harmful substances found in the conduits of the body. This mode thus has a focus on the integrity of the body as a container and on the orifices as conduits for exchanging or replacing its contents.
Investigation of traffic accidents involving seated pedestrians using a finite element simulation-based approach
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Daniel Grindle, Ahmed Balubaid, Costin Untaroiu
An additional way to potentially reduce the risk of injuries is with a personal airbag. The initial vehicle-wheelchair contact caused high brain injury risks as the head laterally rotated towards the vehicle. A neck airbag would cushion the head and potentially reduce these brain injury risks (Fredriksson et al. 2011). Furthermore, a personal airbag may protect the head during ground-pedestrian contact. A previous study reported that personal airbags caused a significant reduction in head injury risks during vertical drop tests and wheelchair tipping events (Fukaya and Uchida 2008). The larger personal airbags that cover portions of the torso may also be useful in reducing abdominal and thoracic compression by absorbing some of the vehicle impact energy. Future work should examine the efficacy of personal airbags for seated pedestrian CPCs.
Relationship between trunk control, core muscle strength and balance confidence in community-dwelling patients with chronic stroke
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2021
Suruliraj Karthikbabu, Geert Verheyden
The patients meeting the eligibility criteria were assessed for their trunk control in a seated position by TIS 2.0. The TIS 2.0, a 14 -item ordinal scale with a score between zero and 16 points (higher is better), is a reliable clinical utility measurement that has been validated. Assessing dynamic sitting balance and trunk coordination is meaningful for stroke patients who had attained independent standing ability and walking capacity. So the subscale of static sitting balance was removed after Rasch analysis.1 The dynamic sitting balance subscale of TIS 2.0 evaluates the selective movement of trunk lateral flexion initiated from the shoulder and pelvic girdle. The possible compensatory movement of the torso and extremities were recorded. The coordination subscale of TIS 2.0 assesses the dissociated rotation from the upper and lower trunk against time.1
A finite element analysis of the intra-abdominal pressure and paraspinal muscle compartment pressure interaction through the thoracolumbar fascia
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Khaled El-Monajjed, Mark Driscoll
While the thoracolumbosacral spine arguably provides the foundational structural support of our bodies, its stabilization has been believed to be complemented via of a spring-like structure of fascial substance surrounding the torso; the Thoracolumbar Fascia (TLF) (Willard et al. 2012; Driscoll 2018). Composed of interweaved aponeurotic and fascial layers, the TLF divides the torso transversally into compartmental regions occupied by different skeletal muscles (Figure 1) and spans longitudinally between the thoracolumbosacral spine to connect with different active muscles. The unique structure of the TLF has for long enticed researchers to investigate its capability in withstanding and transferring forces between different regions of the body under static and dynamic loads who hypothesize its potential functions. Mathematical modelling of the TLF connectivity suggests its necessity in stabilizing the vertebral column when tensioned as a result of Paraspinal and Abdominal muscles (Gracovetsky et al. 1981; Macintosh et al. 1987). Barker et al. (2004) conducted cadaveric studies and observed an effective transmission of low values of tensional force (up to 5 N) when applying 10 N between the Transverse Abdominis and the anterior (ALF) or posterior (PLF) layer of the TLF. In-vitro experimentation of the TLF by Vleeming et al. (2014) studied the Paraspinal muscle activation and observed a clear transfer of force from the ALF to PLF realizing a point of equal tension within the Common Transversus Tendon (cTrA).