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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Attachments of semitendinosus to biceps femoris and gastrocnemius may cause complications when surgically harvesting the semitendinosus tendon (Standring 2016). A supernumerary semitendinosus muscle may compress the sciatic nerve or popliteal artery (Paraskevas et al. 2010). Variation in the origins of the hamstring muscles may predispose individuals to strains and posterior thigh pain (Fraser et al. 2013). An origin of semitendinosus from the ischial tuberosity may predispose individuals to posterior thigh or pelvic floor pain (Fraser et al. 2013). A slip connecting biceps femoris and semitendinosus could compress the sciatic nerve, causing pain, or interfere with popliteal sciatic nerve block (Hoban et al. 2019). Accessory slips or muscles associated with semitendinosus may simulate soft-tissue tumors (Chakravarthi 2013).
Anatomy of veins and lymphatics
Published in Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland, Manual of Venous and Lymphatic Diseases, 2017
Ken Myers, Paul Hannah, Marcus Cremonese, Lourens Bester, Phil Bekhor, Attilio Cavezzi, Marianne de Maeseneer, Greg Goodman, David Jenkins, Herman Lee, Adrian Lim, David Mitchell, Nick Morrison, Andrew Nicolaides, Hugo Partsch, Tony Penington, Neil Piller, Stefania Roberts, Greg Seeley, Paul Thibault, Steve Yelland
A thigh extension is the continuation of the small saphenous vein and is present in 95% of limbs.13, 14 It has its own fascial compartment and lies between the semitendinosus muscle medially and long head of biceps muscle laterally.
Vascular Access
Published in Richard R Heuser, Giancarlo Biamino, Peripheral Vascular Stenting, 1999
It is critical to understand the anatomy of the popliteal fossa when performing percutaneous popliteal artery access to prevent the creation of an arteriovenous fistula. Textbooks of anatomy describe the popliteal artery as being anterior and medial to the popliteal vein.26 This anatomic relationship between the artery and vein predisposes percutaneous posterior access to puncture of the popliteal vein (Fig. 3.7). The popliteal artery, vein and sciatic nerve are encased in a common sheath, which courses upwards along the diagonal of the popliteal fossa as shown. These structures usually remain superficial in location well above the level of the joint space. The semitendinous muscle is seen anterior to the artery.
Dry needling for the treatment of muscle spasticity in a patient with multiple sclerosis: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Maede Khalifeloo, Soofia Naghdi, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Jan Dommerholt, Mohammad Ali Sahraian
An experienced physiotherapist delivered DN using disposable sterilized steel needles (0.3 × 50 mm; DongBang AcuPrime Ltd, Korea). The patient was positioned in prone. The hips and knees were in extension, and the head was in the mid-position. The long head of the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus muscles were needled. The approximate point needled for the long head of biceps is the point in the middle of the line between the ischial tuberosity and the apex of the fibular head. The midpoint of the line between the ischial tuberosity and the medial epicondyle of the tibia is considered to be the approximate location of the motor point of the semitendinosus muscle (Alaei et al., 2020; Ansari et al., 2020). One minute of deep DN with the fast in-out cone-shaped pattern (Alaei et al., 2020; Ansari et al., 2020, 2015; Fakhari et al., 2017) was administered to each point. One session of dry needling was applied (Ansari et al., 2015; Fakhari et al., 2017).
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I: two Chinese families and a review in Asian patients
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2018
Dan-Ni Wang, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Yu-Qing Chen, Guo-Rong Xu, Min-Ting Lin, Ning Wang
The two index patients showed moderate to severe hyperintense signal abnormalities in the muscles of pelvis and thighs on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted imaging (Figure 4(A,D,F)). The marked hyperintense signals detected in T1/T2-weighted imaging decreased substantially in the images taken using the STIR sequence, which indicated fat infiltration into the muscle (Figure 4(B,C,E,G). The two index patients had severe involvement in the gluteus maximus at pelvic level (Figure 4(B,D,E)). In the posterior compartment of the thigh, the adductor muscles and biceps femoris showed severe fat infiltration and atrophy, whereas semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles were relatively spared (Figure 4(C,F,G). The gracilis was also relatively spared. In the anterior compartment, the proband from family 1 showed that the sartorius muscle, rectus femoris and vastus medialis were relatively spared compared with the vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis (Figure 4(C)). The patient from family 2 showed severe involvement in the anterior muscles of the thigh compartment, except for the rectus femoris (Figure 4(F,G)). No increased STIR signals that indicated edema and inflammation were found in both patients.
The effects of bracing and knee flexion angle on hamstring activity during crutch walking: A preliminary study for post-operative care
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2018
Peter Lisman, John E. Zvijac, Luis A. Vargas, Leonard Elbaum, Alicia M. Montalvo
We expected that bracing would have a significant effect in decreasing the sEMG level of the semitendinosus and biceps femoris at varying degrees of knee flexion during crutch-assisted ambulation. Consequently, our finding that there were no differences between conditions at any knee angle was surprising. In all tested angles but 90° of knee flexion, semitendinosus muscle activation was slightly higher in the braced condition in comparison to unbraced condition. Similarly, biceps femoris activation was either equal to or slightly greater at both 0 and 60° of flexion for the braced condition. One potential explanation for this finding is that despite bracing, participants were unable to restrict from activating their hamstring muscles to decelerate knee extension during the second half of the swing phase of gait, which is typical of normal adult walking (Levangie, 2011). Our finding that both semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscle activation was greater for the braced condition at 90° of flexion in comparison to unbraced condition was expected; however, the differences in activation levels were less than projected. Since participants were instructed to actively maintain 90° of knee flexion during the unbraced condition, increased hamstring activation in comparison to the braced condition was expected. Nevertheless, it was somewhat surprising that the differences in activation levels were only 13 and 20% for the semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles, respectively. Increased activation during the unbraced condition could be attributed to the increased length in the moment arm of the lower leg in 90° of flexion. This is supported by our finding that increasing levels of muscle activation corresponded to increasing knee flexion angles in all unbraced conditions.